Assessment of left ventricular regional function in affected and carrier dogs with duchenne muscular dystrophy using speckle tracking echocardiography

Table 4 Echocardiographic systolic and diastolic parameters using Doppler of each group

Index		Unit	Normal dogs	Carrier dogs	Affected dogs
Systolic time intervals	PEP/ET		0.21 ± 0.037	0.21 ± 0.046	0.22 ± 0.085
Transmitral flow	E wave	cm/sec	74.71 ± 13.42	87.42 ± 10.89†	66.44 ± 10.19
	A wave	cm/sec	45.79 ± 14.68	45.71 ± 8.09	44.61 ± 8.98
	E/A		1.82 ± 0.71	1.98 ± 0.44	1.58 ± 0.52
	DcT	msec	92.29 ± 8.20	91.54 ± 14.44	91.06 ± 14.73
Isovolumic relaxation time		msec	32.13 ± 11.49	28.21 ± 10.07	39.28 ± 13.61
Mitral annular velocity	S' wave	cm/sec	10.67 ± 1.60	12.17 ± 5.94	7.39 ± 1.25
	E' wave	cm/sec	12.13 ± 2.62	11.33 ± 2.12	8.67 ± 1.65†
	E/E'		6.39 ± 1.57	7.89 ± 1.41	8.48 ± 2.17

†: Significant difference compared with normal dogs by multiple comparison (P < 0.05).
PEP = Pre-ejection period; ET = Left ventricular ejection time; E = Peak velocity of early diastolic flow in transmitral flow; A = Peak velocity of late diastolic flow in transmitral flow; DcT = Deceleration time of early diastolic flow; S'= Peak mitral annular velocity during systole; E'= Peak mitral annular velocity during early diastole.

ISSN: 1471-2261