Table 4 Regression model for one-year all-cause mortality consisting of a Cox regression adjusted for Heart failure subgroups, confounding factors, exposure variables and healthcare utilization

HF-phenotypes

< 0.001

HFpEF

Reference

HFmrEF

0.95

0.77

1.18

HFrEF

1.12

0.91

1.38

HFndEF

1.49

1.27

1.74

Gender

Women, n (%)¹

0.90

0.80

1.02

0.10

Age (continous variable)

1.04

1.03

1.06

< 0.001

Comorbidities

Hypertension

0.91

0.79

1.06

0.22

Cardiovascular disease

0.98

0.87

1.11

0.78

Atrial fibrillation, n (%)

1.06

0.93

1.20

0.38

Diabetes, n (%)

1.31

1.13

1.52

< 0.001

COPD, n (%)

1.51

1.29

1.77

< 0.001

Kidney function

< 0.001

> 60 ml/min, n (%)

Reference

30–60 ml/min, n (%)

1.00

0.86

1.15

< 30 ml/min, n (%)

1.88

1.56

2.28

NT-proBNP levels

< 0.001

HF unlikely, n (%)

Reference

Grey zone, n (%)

1.31

0.99

1.73

HF likely, n (%)

2.09

1.59

2.76

Pharmacotherapy

Betablockers and RAASi

0.52

0.44

0.61

< 0.001

Healthcare utilization

Inpatient care (days)

1.02

1.01

1.02

< 0.001

Hospital admissions

1.21

1.17

1.25

< 0.001

Outpatient care visits

0.96

0.95

0.98

< 0.001

Visit to primary care physician

0.16

0.14

0.19

< 0.001