Table 1 Baseline characteristics of Non-death and Death groups
Variables | Total (n = 867) | Non-death (n = 786) | Death | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 81) | ||||
Age, years | 72.0(63.7–80.1) | 71.6(63.0-79.8) | 75.1(68.7–82.8) | 0.001** |
Gender, male | 458(52.8) | 414(52.7) | 44(54.3) | 0.777 |
Ethnicity, black | 136(15.7%) | 130(16.5%) | 6(7.4%) | 0.036* |
Smoke | 231(26.6) | 215(27.4) | 16(19.8) | 0.141 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 31.7 ± 8.1 | 31.8 ± 8.3 | 30.4 ± 6.4 | 0.074 |
Obesity | 431(49.7) | 393(45.3) | 38(46.9) | 0.597 |
SpO2, % | 96.7 ± 2.1 | 96.7 ± 2.1 | 97.1 ± 1.5 | 0.079 |
HR, bpm | 85(73–99) | 84(73–98) | 93(78–108) | 0.003** |
SBP, mmHg | 145(132–163) | 147(133–164) | 138(121–152) | < 0.001*** |
DBP, mmHg | 59(51–65) | 58(52–65) | 55(48–60) | < 0.001*** |
Hemoglobin, g/dL | 10.2 ± 2.0 | 10.2 ± 2.0 | 10.2 ± 2.1 | 0.832 |
SCr, mEq/L | 1.5(1.1–2.3) | 1.5(1.1–2.2) | 2.0(1.3–2.9) | 0.003** |
WBC, 109/L | 10.1(7.5–13.6) | 10.1(7.5–13.5) | 11.0(7.7–15.6) | 0.135 |
PLT, 109/L | 218(165–283) | 220(166–284) | 203 (142–276) | 0.191 |
RDW, % | 15.6(14.5–17.1) | 15.5(14.4–16.9) | 16.3(15.4–17.8) | < 0.001*** |
AG, mEq/L | 15.0 ± 3.5 | 14.9 ± 3.4 | 16.2 ± 4.3 | < 0.001*** |
Chloride, mEq/L | 102.4 ± 6.2 | 102.3 ± 6.1 | 100.7 ± 6.4 | 0.032* |
Glucose, mg/dL | 151(118–198) | 151(117–195) | 156(125–224) | 0.313 |
Sodium, mEq/L | 137.9 ± 4.9 | 138.0 ± 4.9 | 136.7 ± 5.4 | 0.025* |
Potassium, mEq/L | 4.3 ± 0.72 | 4.3 ± 0.71 | 4.5 ± 0.79 | 0.053 |
Bicarbonate, mEq/L | 25.8 ± 5.7 | 25.9 ± 5.7 | 25.0 ± 5.6 | 0.182 |
PTT,sec | 32.2(27.8–39.2) | 32.2(27.7–39.2) | 31.3(28.2–39.3) | 0.830 |
BUN, mg/dL | < 0.001*** | |||
< 20 | 157(18.1) | 155(19.7) | 2(2.5) | |
≥ 20 | 710(81.9) | 631(80.3) | 79(97.5) | |
SOFA score | 4(3-7) | 4(3-6) | 6(5-10) | < 0.001*** |
SAPSII | 38(30–46) | 37(30–45) | 48(42–57) | < 0.001*** |
GWTG – HF score | 39(34–45) | 39(34–44) | 48(43–52) | < 0.001*** |
Hospital LOS | 9.2(5.9–14.9) | 9.0(5.9–14.6) | 11.4(6.7–20.7) | 0.008** |
ICU LOS, days | < 0.001*** | |||
≤ 3 | 422(48.7) | 401(51.0) | 21(25.9) | |
>3 | 445(51.3) | 385(49.0) | 60(74.1) | |
Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
ACS | 49(5.4) | 42(5.3) | 7(8.6) | 0.289 |
HP | 303(34.9) | 276(35.1) | 27(33.3) | 0.749 |
Hyperlipidemia | 338(40.0) | 308(39.2) | 30(37.0) | 0.706 |
COPD | 52(6.0) | 49(6.2) | 3(3.7) | 0.361 |
Shock | 67(7.7) | 41(5.2) | 26(32.1) | < 0.001*** |
Stroke | 14(1.6) | 13(1.7) | 1(1.2) | 0.776 |
Ventricular | 76(8.8) | 66(8.4) | 10(12.3) | 0.231 |
prior-MI | 131(15.1) | 118(15.0) | 13(16.0) | 0.804 |
CKD | 361(41.6) | 332(42.2) | 29(35.8) | 0.263 |
AF | 413(49.7) | 358(45.5) | 55(67.9) | < 0.001*** |
AKI | 263(30.3) | 223(28.4) | 40(49.4) | < 0.001*** |
Treatment strategy, n (%) | ||||
ACEI/ARBs | 495(57.1) | 479(60.9) | 16(19.8) | < 0.001*** |
Insulin | 733(84.5) | 675(85.9) | 58(71.6) | 0.001** |
Anticoagulant drug | 350(40.4) | 327(41.6) | 23(28.4)/ | 0.021* |
β-blockers | 734(84.7) | 680(86.5) | 54(66.7) | < 0.001*** |
Digoxin | 144(16.6) | 129(16.4) | 15(18.5) | 0.628 |
Aspirin | 570(65.7) | 523(66.5) | 47(58.0) | 0.124 |
Diuretic | 797(91.9) | 725(92.2) | 72(88.9) | 0.292 |
Assisted ventilation | 376(43.4) | 331(42.1) | 45(55.6) | 0.010* |
CRRT | 59(6.8) | 42(5.3) | 17(21.0) | < 0.001*** |