Table 1 Baselines characteristics of the participants enrolled (IQR: interquartile range; for continuous variables: P value was calculated by Kruskal Wallis rank-sum test, Number (%) for categorical variables: P value was calculated by chi-square test, HDL: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol)
Gender | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
male | female | P | ||
n = 5889 | n = 6630 | |||
age (median [IQR]) | 61.00 [53.00, 68.00] | 60.00 [52.00, 66.00] | < 0.001 | |
age_class (%) | < 50 | 744 (12.63) | 989 (14.92) | < 0.001 |
< 60 | 1840 (31.24) | 2283 (34.43) | ||
< 70 | 2095 (35.57) | 2194 (33.09) | ||
>=70 | 1210 (20.55) | 1164 (17.56) | ||
Residence (%) | urban | 1163 (22.25) | 1098 (18.51) | < 0.001 |
rural | 4064 (77.75) | 4834 (81.49) | ||
Education level (%) | Less than lower secondary | 5761 (97.86) | 6571 (99.14) | < 0.001 |
tertiary | 126 (2.14) | 57 (0.86) | ||
Marital status (%) | married or partnered | 5293 (89.88) | 5569 (84.00) | < 0.001 |
separated divorced widowed or never married | 596 (10.12) | 1061 (16.00) | ||
Drinking frequence (%) | none | 2473 (42.14) | 5612 (84.95) | < 0.001 |
less than once per day | 1920 (32.72) | 834 (12.62) | ||
once per day | 800 (13.63) | 108 (1.63) | ||
twice per day | 490 (8.35) | 45 (0.68) | ||
more than twice per day | 185 (3.15) | 7 (0.11) | ||
Smoking frequence (%) | none | 2750 (47.23) | 6285 (95.14) | < 0.001 |
<=4 | 293 (5.03) | 58 (0.88) | ||
<=10 | 763 (13.11) | 139 (2.10) | ||
> 10 | 2016 (34.63) | 124 (1.88) | ||
hypertension (%) | no | 3291 (65.56) | 3664 (63.36) | 0.018 |
yes | 1729 (34.44) | 2119 (36.64) | ||
diabetes (%) | no | 4543 (90.86) | 5069 (88.34) | < 0.001 |
yes | 457 (9.14) | 669 (11.66) | ||
Lung diseases (%) | no | 4162 (82.63) | 5107 (88.23) | < 0.001 |
yes | 875 (17.37) | 681 (11.77) | ||
Heart diseases (%) | no | 4195 (83.58) | 4532 (78.80) | < 0.001 |
yes | 824 (16.42) | 1219 (21.20) | ||
stroke (%) | no | 4813 (95.51) | 5621 (96.88) | < 0.001 |
yes | 226 (4.49) | 181 (3.12) | ||
Psych problem (%) | no | 4958 (98.28) | 5637 (97.39) | 0.002 |
yes | 87 (1.72) | 151 (2.61) | ||
arthritis (%) | no | 3072 (60.76) | 2993 (51.93) | < 0.001 |
yes | 1984 (39.24) | 2771 (48.07) | ||
dyslipidemia (%) | no | 3974 (80.85) | 4428 (78.80) | 0.01 |
yes | 941 (19.15) | 1191 (21.20) | ||
Liver diseases (%) | no | 4638 (92.48) | 5411 (93.99) | 0.002 |
yes | 377 (7.52) | 346 (6.01) | ||
Kidney diseases (%) | no | 4455 (88.69) | 5260 (91.27) | < 0.001 |
yes | 568 (11.31) | 503 (8.73) | ||
Digest diseases (%) | no | 3636 (71.97) | 3792 (65.50) | < 0.001 |
yes | 1416 (28.03) | 1997 (34.50) | ||
asthma (%) | no | 4674 (92.59) | 5484 (94.83) | < 0.001 |
yes | 374 (7.41) | 299 (5.17) | ||
HDL (median [IQR]) | mg/dl | 48.26 [41.31, 56.37] | 51.35 [44.79, 58.59] | < 0.001 |
BMI (median [IQR]) | kg/m2 | 23.21 [20.88, 25.75] | 24.13 [21.81, 26.69] | < 0.001 |
PM2.5 (median [IQR]) | 54.64 [39.90, 69.30] | 54.64 [40.89, 69.44] | 0.387 | |