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Table 2 Meta-analysis of the association between greenspace exposure and CMRFs

From: Association of greenspaces exposure with cardiometabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

reported CMRFs

measure (base of measure)

Number Of Studies

Combined standardized ORs ( 95%CI)

Heterogeneity Assessment

I Squared%

Model

P-Value

DM

access (availability)

3

0.79 (0.67,0.90)*

4.49

fixed

0.35

HTN

access (availability)

3

0.81 (0.61,0.99)*

83.1

random

0.001>

HTN

access (one kilometer)

5

0.99 (0.96,1.02)

0

fixed

0.62

HTN

NDVI (one kilometer)

5

0.79 (0.61,0.98)*

93.75

random

0.001>

HTN

NDVI (mean NDVI)

5

0.91 (0.88,0.94)*

71.34

random

0.01

Obesity

access (availability)

16

0.83 (0.77,0.90)*

66.92

random

0.001>

Obesity

access (one kilometer)

3

0.98 (0.82,1.14)

90.46

random

0.001>

Obesity

proximity (one kilometer)

8

0.97 (0.94,0.99)*

44.39

random

0.07

Obesity

proximity (15 min walk to the park)

3

0.49 (0.02,0.99)*

90.51

random

0.001>

  1. CMRFs: cardiometabolic risk factors, DM: diabetes mellitus, HTN: hypertension, NDVI: normalized Difference Vegetation Index, OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval