Table 2 Baseline characteristics of study population (n = 105)

Age, years

50.6 ± 8.4

Waist circumference, cm

113 ± 12

Body mass index, kg/m²

31.8 ± 4.9

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

139 ± 14

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

82 ± 8

Resting heart rate, bpm

65 ± 10

Physical activity, kcal/week

1066 ± 1370

Medication

 • Aspirin, n (%)

17 (16%)

 • Beta-blockers, n (%)

30 (29%)

 • ACE-inhibitors, n (%)

15 (14%)

 • ARBs, n (%)

25 (24%)

 • CCBs, n (%)

3 (3%)

 • Diuretics, n (%)

18 (17%)

 • Statins, n (%)

24 (23%)

 • Glucose-lowering drugs, n (%)

15 (14%)

Smoking

 • Current, n (%)

21 (20%)

 • Former, n (%)

49 (47%)

 • Never, n (%)

35 (33%)

Number of pack-years in smokers

16 ± 14

Fasting glucose, mmol/L

6.8 ± 1.8

HbA1c, mmol/L

44.5 ± 11.0

Total cholesterol, mmol/L

5.6 ± 1.4

HDL-Cholesterol, mmol/L

1.2 ± 0.3

LDL-Cholesterol, mmol/L

3.4 ± 1.1

Triglycerides, mmol/L

2.9 ± 3.4

hs-CRP, mg/L

 • Optimal (< 1.0 mg/L)

41 (39%)

 • Not optimal (≥ 1.0 mg/L)

64 (61%)

C1, mL/mmHg x 10

 • Normal

93 (90%)

 • Borderline decreased

10 (10%)

C2, mL/mmHg x 100

 • Normal

42 (41%)

 • Borderline decreased

30 (29%)

 • Abnormal

31 (30%)

OxLDL, U/L

 • Low risk (< 60 U/L)

34 (33%)

 • Moderate risk (≥ 60 and < 70 U/L)

8 (8%)

 • High risk (≥ 70 U/L)

60 (59%)

FINRISK, %

 • Low risk (< 5%)

33 (31%)

 • Medium risk (5-14.9%)

45 (43%)

 • High risk (≥ 15%)

27 (26%)

SCORE, %

 • Low risk (< 3%)

56 (53%)

 • Medium risk (3-4.9%)

25 (24%)

 • High risk (≥ 5%)

24 (23%)