Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics of the cohort according to presence or absence of diabetes

Age, years

56 ± 12

60 ± 10

< 0.001

Male sex, n (%)

129 (83)

126 (79)

0.436

Heart rate, beats/min

71 [63–81]

75 [68–83]

0.020

Systolic BP, mmHg

124 [111–138]

125 [113–143]

0.240

Diastolic BP, mmHg

73 [66–82]

70 [61–80]

0.008

Body mass index, kg/m²

26 [23-30]

27 [23-31]

0.412

Co-morbidities, n (%)

Hypertension

80 (52)

120 (76)

< 0.001

Coronary artery disease

78 (52)

112 (72)

< 0.001

Atrial Fibrillation

22 (14)

29 (18)

0.331

Medications at baseline, n (%)

Beta Blocker

135 (87)

146 (92)

0.436

ACEi or ARB

129 (83)

140 (88)

0.178

Mineralocorticoid antagonist

98 (63)

102 (64)

0.806

Diuretic

116 (74)

129 (81)

0.148

Statin

120 (77)

146 (92)

< 0.001

NYHA Functional Class, n (%)

0.041

Class I

91 (58)

75 (47)

Class II

51 (33)

74 (47)

Class III

14 (9)

10 (6)

MLWHF Score

12 [0–30]

14 [3-29]

0.299

Haematocrit, (%)

43 ± 5

41 ± 6

< 0.001

Creatinine, µmol/L

91 [77–105]

96 [81–118]

0.016

Plasma Biomarkers

NT-proBNP, pg/mL

579 [232–1136]

1091 [326–2272]

< 0.001

hs-TnT, ng/L

15 [9-22]

27 [14-41]

< 0.001

GDF-15, pg/mL

1039 [753–1470]

2412 [1603–3331]

< 0.001

sST2, ng/mL

26 [21-32]

28 [23-38]

0.038

Gal-3, ng/mL

8.0 [7.0–10.0]

10.0 [8.0–12.0]

< 0.001

CMR Markers

LVEDVi, mL/m²

112 [83–142]

99 [81–129]

0.029

LVESVi, mL/m²

71 [43–105]

65 [40–94]

0.190

SVi, mL/m²

39 [32-44]

35 [29-42]

0.005

LVMi, g/m²

70 [59–89]

67 [55–83]

0.125

LV ejection fraction, %

36 [29-49]

36 [26-49]

0.947

GLS, %

-10.1 ± 4.1

-9.8 ± 3.7

0.443

LAVi, mL/m²

48 [38–68]

47 [33–65]

0.285

LGE Type

0.003

Nil, n (%)

63 (40)

38 (24)

Non-ischaemic, n (%)

38 (24)

34 (21)

Ischaemic, n (%)

52 (33)

81 (51)

Both, n (%)

3 (2)

6 (4)

Native T1, ms

1269 ± 42

1285 ± 42

< 0.001

ECV, %

28.8 ± 4.1

30.5 ± 3.5

< 0.001