Characteristic | Full cohort (N = 282) | VKA (N = 118) | Dabigatran (N = 33) | Rivaroxaban (N = 87) | Apixaban (N = 30) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
p* | p* | p* | ||||||
Age | 71 (65–77) | 73 (67–79) | 73 (68–77) | 0.8 | 71 (66–75) | 0.1 | 71 (64–75) | 0.04 |
Female sex | 116 (43.1) | 47 (41.6) | 11 (34.4) | 0.5 | 30 (37.0) | 0.5 | 22 (75.9) | 0.001 |
BMI | 27.0 (24.5–30.4) | 27.3 (24.9–31.2) | 27.3 (25.0–31.0) | 0.7 | 27.0 (24.0–31.1) | 0.5 | 26.9 (22.2–28.3) | 0.09 |
Type of AF | ||||||||
Recently diagnosed | 52 (18.4) | 10 (8.5) | 8 (24.2) | 0.04 | 16 (18.4) | 0.2 | 13 (43.3) | <0.001 |
paroxysmal | 131 (46.5) | 60 (50.8) | 10 (30.3) | 0.05 | 42 (49.4) | 0.8 | 12 (40.0) | 0.3 |
persisting | 19 (6.7) | 9 (7.6) | 1 (3.0) | 0.4 | 7 (8.6) | 0.7 | 1 (3.3) | 0.5 |
permanent | 80 (28.4) | 39 (33.1) | 14 (42.4) | 0.3 | 22 (27.2) | 0.4 | 4 (13.3) | 0.04 |
Time since AF diagnosis, years | 4 (1–8) | 4 (2–9) | 5 (0.1–9) | 0.5 | 3 (1–10) | 0.1 | 2 (0–6) | 0.01 |
History of electrical cardioversion | 83 (30.9) | 40 (35.4) | 10 (31.3) | 0.7 | 21 (25.9) | 0.2 | 9 (31.0) | 0.7 |
History of ablation | 35 (13.0) | 15 (13.3) | 5 (15.6) | 0.7 | 13 (16.0) | 0.6 | 1 (3.4) | 0.1 |
Family history of AF | 33 (12.3) | 13 (11.5) | 3 (9.4) | 0.7 | 10 (12.3) | 0.9 | 7 (24.1) | 0.08 |
Medical history | ||||||||
Congestive heart failure | 81 (30.1) | 34 (30.1) | 13 (40.6) | 0.3 | 24 (29.6) | 0.9 | 8 (27.6) | 0.8 |
Hypertension | 227 (84.4) | 99 (87.6) | 30 (93.8) | 0.3 | 65 (80.2) | 0.2 | 26 (89.7) | 0.8 |
Age ≥ 75 years | 98 (36.4) | 53 (46.9) | 13 (40.6) | 0.5 | 23 (28.4) | 0.009 | 8 (27.6) | 0.06 |
Age 65–74 years | 114 (42.4) | 41 (36.3) | 14 (43.8) | 0.4 | 43 (53.1) | 0.02 | 13 (44.8) | 0.4 |
Diabetes | 81 (28.7) | 31 (27.4) | 10 (31.3) | 0.4 | 22 (27.2) | 0.7 | 8 (27.6) | 0.9 |
Stroke / TIA / systemic embolism | 55 (20.4) | 22 (19.5) | 7 (21.9) | 0.8 | 20 (24.7) | 0.4 | 4 (13.8) | 0.5 |
Vascular disease | 96 (35.7) | 41 (36.3) | 13 (40.6) | 0.7 | 28 (34.6) | 0.8 | 11 (37.6) | 0.9 |
CHA2DS2-VASC Score | 4 (2.5–5) | 4 (3–5) | 4 (3–5) | 0.9 | 3 (2–5) | 0.3 | 4 (3–4.5) | 0.4 |
HAS-BLED Score | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–2) | 2 (1–3) | 0.7 | 2 (1–3) | 0.2 | 2 (1–3) | 0.5 |
Abnormal liver or kidney function | 52 (19.3) | 24 (21.2) | 5 (15.6) | 0.5 | 18 (22.2) | 0.9 | 5 (17.2) | 0.6 |
CRNM bleeding | 13 (4.8) | 1 (0.9) | 2 (6.3) | 0.06 | 4 (4.9) | 0.08 | 4 (13.8) | 0.001 |
Major bleeding | 10 (3.7) | 1 (0.9) | 5 (15.6) | <0.001 | 4 (4.9) | 0.08 | 0 | 0.6 |
Venous thromboembolism | 22 (8.2) | 7 (6.2) | 3 (9.4) | 0.5 | 9 (11.1) | 0.2 | 3 (10.3) | 0.4 |
Cancer | 58 (21.6) | 19 (16.8) | 9 (28.1) | 0.2 | 19 (23.5) | 0.3 | 6 (20.7) | 0.6 |
OAC-naïve at baseline | 18 (6.7) | 4 (3.5) | 2 (6.3) | 0.5 | 6 (7.4) | 0.2 | 4 (13.8) | 0.03 |
Aspirin comedication | 58 (21.6) | 23 (20.4) | 5 (15.6) | 0.6 | 19 (23.5) | 0.6 | 6 (20.7) | 0.9 |
Clopidogrel comedication | 14 (5.2) | 9 (8.0) | 2 (6.3) | 0.7 | 3 (3.7) | 0.2 | 0 | 0.1 |
Baseline laboratory parameters | ||||||||
Platelet count | 214 (176–264) | 211 (180–251) | 203 (172–239) | 0.4 | 215 (174–286) | 0.3 | 238 (177–275) | 0.4 |
Hemoglobin | 13.2 (11.8–14.4) | 13.5 (12.5–14.8) | 13.2 (11.8–15.2) | 0.3 | 12.7 (11.4–14.1) | 0.002 | 12.8 (11.0–14.1) | 0.05 |
Hematocrit | 39.5 (35.1–42.8) | 40.3 (37.4–43.9) | 39.5 (34.9–42.6) | 0.2 | 38.5 (33.6–41.0) | 0.001 | 38.8 (33.9–41.2) | 0.03 |
Leucocyte count | 6.8 (5.7–8.5) | 6.8 (5.7–7.9) | 7.0 (6.0–8.6) | 0.3 | 6.9 (5.7–8.9) | 0.3 | 6.4 (5.2–7.9) | 0.3 |
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 65.2 (53.3–79.6) | 60.4 (49.5–74.3) | 71.2 (58.4–91.8) | 0.03 | 66.8 (56.2–82.1) | 0.01 | 65.8 (56.6–73.1) | 0.2 |