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Table 3 Psychosocial, functional and cognitive scores according to cognitive function: n = 525

From: Ischemic aetiology, self-reported frailty, and gender with respect to cognitive impairment in chronic heart failure patients

 

Overall: 525

Normal n = 380

Cognitive impairment n = 145

n

p value

Higher education

199 (38)

164 (43)

35 (24)

525

<0.001

Living with someone n %

287 (57)

217 (59)

70 (52)

504

0.098

Depressive symptoms n %

35 (7)

21 (6)

14 (10)

513

0.064

Dependency n %

206 (39)

133 (35)

73 (50)

525

0.001

Need caregiver, n (%)

127 (34)

83 (30)

44 (45)

370

0.008

Patient administer treatment n (%)

201 (60)

157 (61)

44 (47)

353

0.014

Lack of social support n %

41 (8)

27 (7)

14 (10)

515

0.282

Family dysfunction n (%)

72 (14)

50 (13)

22 (15)

520

0.325

Frailty n (%)

279 (55)

186 (50)

93 (67)

509

0.001

MMSE total age and education corrected scores mean (SD)

25 (4)

27 (2)

20 (3)

525

<0.001

MMSE orientation

9 (1)

10 (1)

8 (2)

 

<0.001

n % task not completed

239 (45)

117 (31)

128 (83)

MMSE registration

3 (0)

3 (0)

3 (0)

 

<0.001

n % task not completed

27 (5)

11 (3)

15 (10)

MMSE attention

3 (2)

4 (1)

2 (1)

 

<0.001

n % task not completed

277 (53)

137 (36)

139 (96)

MMSE recall

2 (1)

2 (1)

1 (1)

 

<0.001

n % task not completed

378 (72)

251 (66)

126 (87)

MMSE language and copying

8 (2)

8 (1)

6 (2)

 

<0.001

n % task not completed

289 (55)

157 (41)

131 (90)

  1. Percentages are rounded. Data are presented as numbers (with percentages) or means (standard deviation, SD), where appropriate. n represents the number of patients with variable recorded which were analyzed for each item. Higher education defined as more than 9 years of formal education. Depressive symptoms measured by Yesavage test >5. Dependency in daily living activities measured by Barthel test (total <20/ severe 21–60/ moderate 61–90/slight 91–99 /independence: 100. Social support by The Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire (FSSQ), weak social support scores < 32. Family dysfunction by APGAR index < 7; frailty when Barber self-administer questionnaire above 2 (see text) MMSE: mini-mental state examination (Folstein [14]) corrected by age and education (Blesa [15]): cognitive impairment scores ≤24