Cases n (%) | Controls n (%) | Odds ratioa (95 % CI) | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hemorrhagic stroke (n = 70) | ||||
Comorbiditiesb | ||||
History of hemorrhagic stroke | 4 (5.7) | 5 (0.5) | 23.35 (5.11–106.73) | <0.01 |
≥ 1 hospitalization in the year before index datec | 35 (50.0) | 282 (28.2) | 1.93 (1.06–3.49) | 0.03 |
Current drug used | ||||
Diuretics | 21 (30.0) | 376 (37.6) | 0.52 (0.28–0.99) | 0.05 |
NSAIDs | 9 (12.9) | 70 (7.0) | 2.53 (1.12–5.68) | 0.03 |
UGIB (n = 152) | ||||
Comorbiditiesb | ||||
Complicated peptic ulcer disease | 15 (9.9) | 27 (2.7) | 3.71 (1.76–7.84) | <0.01 |
Uncomplicated peptic ulcer disease | 28 (18.4) | 97 (9.7) | 1.71 (1.02–2.86) | 0.04 |
Valvular heart disease | 22 (14.5) | 50 (5.0) | 3.73 (1.95–7.11) | <0.01 |
≥ 1 hospitalization in year before index datec | 84 (55.3) | 262 (26.2) | 2.50 (1.62–3.86) | <0.01 |
Current drug used | ||||
NSAIDs | 23 (15.1) | 80 (8.0) | 2.25 (1.27–3.96) | 0.01 |
PPIs | 68 (44.7) | 316 (31.6) | 1.62 (1.06–2.47) | 0.03 |
LGIB (n = 316) | ||||
Comorbiditiesa | ||||
Pancreatic disease | 4 (1.3) | 8 (0.4) | 4.49 (1.20–16.74) | 0.03 |
Unstable angina | 75 (23.7) | 283 (14.1) | 1.86 (1.25–2.77) | <0.01 |
Dyspepsia | 104 (32.9) | 390 (19.5) | 1.64 (1.23–2.18) | <0.01 |
Diabetes mellitus | 46 (14.6) | 343 (17.2) | 0.62 (0.43–0.88) | 0.01 |
≥ 1 hospitalization in year before index datec | 142 (44.9) | 575 (28.7) | 1.33 (0.98–1.79) | 0.06 |
Current drug used | ||||
Calcium-channel blockers | 112 (35.4) | 544 (27.2) | 1.34 (1.02–1.75) | 0.03 |
NSAIDs | 39 (12.3) | 167 (8.3) | 1.52 (1.02–2.25) | 0.04 |
PPIs | 147 (46.5) | 621 (31.1) | 1.60 (1.22–2.10) | <0.01 |