Cardiac structure and function in relation to cardiovascular risk factors in Chinese

Table 1 Characteristics of participants

	Men (n = 555)	Women (n = 288)	P
Age, years	43.5 ± 14.7	42.1 ± 12.5	0.15
Body height, cm	168 ± 6	158 ± 5	<0.001
Body weight, kg	67.4 ± 9.9	55.8 ± 8.0	<0.001
Body mass index, kg/m²	23.9 ± 3.1	22.5 ± 3.1	<0.001
Body surface area, m²	1.80 ± 0.15	1.58 ± 0.11	<0.001
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	124.5 ± 18.3	117.5 ± 20.6	<0.001
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	76.6 ± 11.4	72.0 ± 10.6	<0.001
Current smoking, %	255 (46.8)	2 (0.7)	<0.001
Current drinking, %	209 (38.4)	5 (1.8)	<0.001
Taking antihypertensive drugs, n (%)	61 (11.2)	21 (7.4)	0.08
Plasma glucose, mmol/L	4.37 ± 1.49	4.37 ± 0.75	0.98
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	4.85 ± 0.92	4.76 ± 0.92	0.17
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mmol/L	3.12 ± 0.83	2.95 ± 0.83	0.005
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mmol/L	1.30 ± 0.35	1.50 ± 0.37	<0.001
Triglycerides, mmol/L	2.17 ± 1.98	1.57 ± 1.10	<0.001
Left atrial volume index, mL/m²	19.3 ± 4.6	18.6 ± 3.8	0.03
Left ventricular mass index, g/m²	85.9 ± 16.2	73.3 ± 14.3	<0.001
Relative wall thickness	0.38 ± 0.05	0.35 ± 0.05	<0.001
Left ventricular ejection fraction, %	62.5 ± 4.9	64.0 ± 5.0	<0.001
E/A ratio	1.15 ± 0.38	1.25 ± 0.39	<0.001
Deceleration time, ms	196 ± 28	183 ± 27	<0.001
Left atrial enlargement, n (%)	15 (2.9)	3 (1.2)	0.14
Left ventricular hypertrophy, n (%)	25 (4.5)	17 (5.9)	0.38
Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, n (%)	95 (20.4)	26 (11.4)	0.003

Data are mean ± standard deviation or number with percentage in parenthesis. E/A ratio indicates the ratio of early transmitral diastolic peak flow (E) and atrial peak flow (A). Deceleration time indicates the deceleration time of early transmitral diastolic flow (E). For the definition of left atrial enlargement, left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, see Methods.

ISSN: 1471-2261