Predictors of utilization | Disease-modifying treatments group | ACEI or ARB and Beta-blockers | ACEI or ARB | Beta-blockers | Aldosterone antagonist |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | (84.8% total) | (26.9% total) | (40.4% total) | (8.5% total) | (9.0% total) |
 | aPR (95% CI) | aPR (95% CI) | aPR (95% CI) | aPR (95% CI) | aPR (95% CI) |
Older Age group | Â | 0.91 (0.84-0.97) | 1.07 (1.01-1.14) | 0.87 (0.78-0.96) | Â |
Women | Â | 1.16 (1.05-1.29) | Â | Â | 0.83 (0.71-0.97) |
Specialty of healthcare providers being internal medicine | 1.37 (1.09-1.71) | Â | 1.23 (1.01-1.49) | Â | Â |
Tertiary hospital | 1.78 (1.49-2.12) | 1.94 (1.73-2.16) | 1.12 (1.03-1.22) | 0.78 (0.68-0.88) | 0.55 (0.48-0.64) |
Urban residence | 1.46 (1.23-1.74) | Â | 1.19 (1.09-1.29) | Â | 0.72 (0.62-0.84) |
Outpatient prescription | 3.87(2.95-4.57) | 2.19 (1.95-2.46) | 3.17 (2.75-3.64) | 2.18 (1.80-2.64) | 2.30 (1.69-3.05) |
Cardiovascular disease | |||||
 Myocardial infarction |  | 1.19 (1.03-1.36) |  |  |  |
 Transient ischemic stroke |  |  | 0.78 (0.68-0.86) |  | 1.51 (1.25-1.83) |
 Arterial fibrillation or flutter | 1.54 (1.28-1.84) | 1.37 (1.24-1.51) | 0.90 (0.83-0.99) |  |  |
 Valvular heart disease |  | 1.23 (1.08-1.41) |  |  | 0.71 (0.54-0.93) |
Medical history | |||||
 Hypertension |  |  | 1.10(1.02-1.22) |  | 0.62 (0.53-0.73) |
 Diabetes mellitus | 1.32 (1.10-1.56) |  | 1.09 (1.01-1.20) |  | 0.84 (0.71-0.98) |
 Hyperlipidemia or dyslipidemia |  |  |  | 0.78 (0.65-0.93) |  |
 End-stage renal disease |  |  | 0.78 (0.68-0.86) |  |  |
 Chronic lung disease |  | 0.84 (0.76-0.93) | 1.13 (1.03-1.23) | 0.86 (0.74-0.93) | 1.15 (1.00-1.34) |
 Dementia | 0.61 (0.42-0.90) |  | 0.84 (0.70-0.99) |  | 1.41 (1.09-1.82) |
 Depression |  |  |  |  |  |
Concomitant medication | |||||
 CCB* |  | 1.28 (1.15-1.42) | 0.82 (0.75-0.90) | 1.31 (1.13-1.53) | 0.76 (0.64-0.90) |
 Nitrates | 1.39 (1.21-1.60) | 1.33 (1.20-1.47) |  |  | 0.73 (0.61-0.87) |
 Inotropics | 1.78 (1.48-2.16) | 1.53 (1.37-1.69) |  | 0.72 (0.60-0.86) | 0.68 (0.56-0.83) |
 Hydralazine |  | 1.64 (1.14-2.37) |  |  |  |
 Lipid-lowering agents | 1.93 (1.52-2.48) | 1.61 (1.43-1.83) |  |  | 0.46 (0.34-0.62) |
 Anti-diabetic medication |  | 1.14 (1.01-1.25) |  |  |  |
 Anti-thrombotics | 1.63 (1.35-1.96) | 1.55 (1.37-1.75) |  |  | 0.59 (0.49-0.67) |