Predictors of utilization | Disease-modifying treatment group | ACEI or ARB and Beta-blockers | ACEI or ARB | Beta-blockers | Aldosterone antagonist |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | (71.4% total) | (21.7% total) | (33.0% total) | (9.8% total) | (6.9% total) |
 | aPR (95% CI) | aPR (95% CI) | aPR (95% CI) | aPR (95% CI) | aPR (95% CI) |
Older Age group | Â | 0.92 (0.89-0.97) | 1.09 (1.05-1.14) | 0.86 (0.81-0.91) | 1.08 (1.01-1.16) |
Women | Â | Â | Â | 1.13 (1.03-.1.25) | Â |
Specialty of healthcare providers being internal medicine | 1.26 (1.12--1.54) | 1.20 (1.13-1.39) | 1.28 (1.08-1.42) | Â | 0.82 (0.68-0.98) |
Tertiary hospital | 2.07 (1.85-2.31) | 1.95 (1.81-2.11) | 1.15 (1.09-1.22) | 0.86 (0.79-0.93) | 0.56 (0.52-0.62) |
Urban residence | 1.37 (1.23-1.52) | 1.08 (1.00-1.15) | 1.19 (1.12-1.26) | Â | 0.67 (0.61-0.75) |
Outpatient prescription | 4.02 (3.31-4.72) | 2.76 (2.56-2.97) | 5.02 (4.64-5.47) | 3.08 (2.65-3.56) | 3.39 (2.83-4.03) |
Cardiovascular disease | |||||
Angina | 1.40 (1.38-1.47) | 1.12 (1.02-1.20) | 0.90 (0.83-0.97) | 1.21 (1.08-1.35) | 0.78 (0.67-0.92) |
Myocardial infarction | 1.37 (1.28-1.45) | 1.11 (1.04-1.23) | Â | Â | 0.81 (0.67-0.97) |
Transient ischemic stroke | 0.82 (0.71-0.94) | Â | 0.85 (0.78-0.91) | Â | 1.24 (1.09-1.41) |
Peripheral artery disease | Â | Â | 0.86 (0.75-0.98) | Â | Â |
Arterial fibrillation or flutter | 1.36 (1.20-1.56) | 1.26 (1.17-1.36) | 0.87 (0.81-0.98) | 1.17 (1.05-1.31) | Â |
Valvular heart disease | 1.28 (1.10-1.53) | 1.26 (1.14-1.39) | Â | 0.76 (0.65-0.89) | 0.78 (0.65-0.95) |
Medical history | |||||
Hypertension | Â | Â | 1.09 (1.03-1.15) | 1.20 (1.11-1.31) | 0.63 (0.57-0.70) |
Diabetes mellitus | 1.26 (1.14-1.40) | 1.08 (1.02-1.16) | 1.10 (1.04-1.16) | 0.80 (0.74-0.88) | Â |
Hyperlipidemia or dyslipidemia | Â | Â | Â | 0.85 (0.77-0.94) | Â |
End-stage renal disease | Â | 1.30 (1.16-1.45) | 0.78 (0.70-0.88) | Â | Â |
Chronic lung disease | 0.67 (0.54-0.87) | 0.83 (0.77-0.89) | 1.13 (1.07-1.19) | Â | 1.31 (1.19-1.45) |
Dementia | Â | Â | 0.83 (0.75-0.92) | 0.81 (0.74-0.88) | Â |
Concomitant medication | |||||
Diuretics | 3.41 (3.21-3.65) | 1.87 (1.71-2.05) | 1.29 (1.13-1.31) | 0.82 (0.77 -0.92) | 2.24 (1.94-2.58) |
CCB | Â | 1.18 (1.11-1.26) | 0.87 (0.82-0.93) | Â | 0.70 (0.63-0.78) |
Nitrates | 1.79 (1.61-2.01) | 1.51 (1.41-1.62) | 0.85 (0.79-0.91) | 1.30 (1.19-1.42) | 0.75 (0.66-0.86) |
Digoxin | 1.32 (1.24-1.53) | Â | 1.23 (1.17-1.30) | Â | 1.28 (1.19-1.37) |
Hydralazine | 1.60 (1.09-2.38) | 1.61 (1.28-2.02) | 0.73 (0.58-0.92) | 1.12 (1.02-1.28) | Â |
Inotropics | 1.59 (1.41-1.79) | 1.43 (1.33-1.54) | 0.92 (0.86-0.98) | Â | Â |
Lipid-lowering agents | 1.80 (1.57-2.07) | 1.64 (1.52-1.77) | 0.84 (0.78-0.90) | 0.84 (0.78-0.92) | 0.65 (0.55-0.77) |
Anti-diabetic medication | 1.92 (1.80-2.05) | 1.12 (1.04-1.20) | Â | Â | 0.65 (0.58-0.72) |
Anti-thrombotics | 1.88 (1.69-2.09) | 1.78 (1.65-1.92) | Â | 0.70(0.62-0.79) | Â |