Skip to main content

Table 3 Multivariable Adjusted Rate Ratios for Smoking in the CAREMA Cohort, 1987-2003

From: Smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and family history and the risks of acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina pectoris: a prospective cohort study

 

Acute Myocardial Infarction

Unstable Angina Pectoris

 
 

Cases/person-years

Adjust. 1a

Adjust. 2b

Cases/person-years

Adjust. 1a

Adjust. 2b

 
  

RR

95% CI

RR

95% CI

 

RR

95% CI

RR

95% CI

P heterogeneity c

Smoking status

           

Never

57/70,666

1

reference

1

reference

55/70,666

1

reference

1

reference

 

Ex

93/54,638

1.30

0.93, 1.81

1.31

0.93, 1.83

86/54,638

1.33

0.94, 1.88

1.36

0.96, 1.93

 

Current

270/84,269

3.38

2.53, 4.51

3.08

2.29, 4.14

133/84,269

1.77

1.28, 2.43

1.64

1.18, 2.27

<0.001

P trend

  

<0.001

 

<0.001

  

<0.001

 

0.003

 

Frequency (cig/day) d,e

           

Never

57/70,666

1

reference

1

reference

55/70,666

1

reference

1

reference

 

>0 - 5

15/10,793

1.80

0.86, 3.79

1.88

0.89, 3.97

8/10,793

1.74

0.66, 4.55

1.89

0.71, 4.99

 

>5 - 10

42/17,687

2.73

1.41, 5.31

2.59

1.33, 5.04

24/17,687

2.98

1.27, 7.01

2.95

1.24, 7.01

 

>10 - 15

49/19,261

2.74

1.40, 5.35

2.54

1.30, 4.99

36/19,261

3.99

1.71, 9.34

3.91

1.65, 9.24

 

>15 - 20

78/19,954

3.94

2.04, 7.61

3.20

1.65, 6.20

34/19,954

3.46

1.45, 8.27

2.94

1.22, 7.11

 

>20

86/16,574

4.97

2.56, 9.64

3.98

2.05, 7.75

31/16,574

3.52

1.46, 8.49

3.06

1.25, 7.48

0.01

P trend

  

<0.001

 

<0.001

  

0.01

 

0.09

 

Continuous, 5-cigarettes/day incrementsf

270/84,269

1.14

1.06, 1.21

1.08

1.01, 1.15

133/84,269

1.05

0.96, 1.16

1.00

0.90, 1.10

0.09

Duration (yrs) e,g

           

Never

57/70,666

1

reference

1

reference

55/70,666

1

reference

1

reference

 

>0 - 10

7/11,311

1.49

0.65, 3.45

1.73

0.74, 4.02

5/11,311

2.16

0.82, 5.67

2.56

0.97, 6.80

 

>10 - 20

34/25,705

1.96

1.19, 3.23

2.10

1.27, 3.46

10/25,705

1.07

0.50, 2.29

1.14

0.54, 2.45

 

>20 - 30

89/27,307

2.55

1.69, 3.85

2.73

1.80, 4.14

47/27,307

1.90

1.14, 3.18

2.03

1.21, 3.42

 

>30 - 40

112/16,644

2.40

1.57, 3.65

2.51

1.63, 3.85

57/16,644

1.48

0.88, 2.48

1.52

0.89, 2.57

 

>40

28/3,302

1.57

0.90, 2.71

1.93

1.10, 3.36

14/3,302

0.93

0.46, 1.89

1.05

0.51, 2.15

0.03

P trend

  

<0.001

 

<0.001

  

0.29

 

0.21

 

Continuous, 10-years incrementsf

270/84,269

1.13

0.90, 1.42

1.13

0.90, 1.42

133/84,269

0.96

0.72, 1.28

0.94

0.71, 1.26

0.80

Time since quitting (yrs) h

           

Never

57/70,666

1

reference

1

reference

55/70,666

1

reference

1

reference

 

>5

61/36,603

0.87

0.55, 1.39

1.01

0.63, 1.62

53/36,603

0.92

0.54, 1.56

1.06

0.62, 1.80

 

>2 - 5

15/7,476

1.44

0.70, 2.96

1.43

0.69, 2.95

14/7,476

1.76

0.78, 3.98

1.73

0.76, 3.95

 

>0 - 2

15/9,392

1.34

0.64, 2.84

1.51

0.72, 3.18

17/9,392

1.97

0.87, 4.47

2.29

1.02, 5.16

 

Current

265/82,188

2.75

1.58, 4.78

2.82

1.61, 4.91

130/82,188

1.66

0.84, 3.27

1.72

0.87, 3.41

0.003

P trend

  

<0.001

 

<0.001

  

0.03

 

0.06

 
  1. Adjust, adjustment; CI, confidence interval; cig, cigarettes; RR, rate ratio; yrs, years.
  2. Table summary: Smoking increased the risk of both AMI and UAP. Dose-response relationships were seen with the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the number of smoking years although this trend was less obvious for the latter. All RRs were significantly higher for AMI than for UAP (p heterogeneity < 0.03). Furthermore, the risks of AMI and UAP decreased the longer ago subjects quitted smoking.
  3. a Rate ratios adjusted for age at baseline (years), sex, baseline cohort (PPHVZ or MORGEN), total alcohol consumption (glasses/day), diabetes mellitus (yes/no), level of education (primary school/junior vocational education, secondary vocational education or vocational college/university), and family history of premature MI (yes/no).
  4. b Additionally adjusted for intermediates: total and HDL cholesterol levels (mmol/L), systolic blood pressure (mmHg), and body mass index (kg/m2).
  5. c Heterogeneity test for the difference in the RRs between AMI and UAP. The p values were similar for the models with and without adjustments for intermediates.
  6. d Additionally adjusted for duration (years).
  7. e Exclusion of ex-smokers from the analyses.
  8. f Analyses restricted to current smokers.
  9. g Additionally adjusted for frequency (cigarettes/day).
  10. h Additionally adjusted for duration (years) and number of cigarettes/day smoked in the past.
Back to article page

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders

ISSN: 1471-2261

Contact us