Functional genomics in stroke: current and future applications of iPSCs and gene editing to dissect the function of risk variants

Table 1 Summary of the iPSCs applications

iPSCs applications	Methods	Value	References
Genome editing	Gene correction	Generation of isogenic controls for disease modelling	[61,62,63]
	Gene insertion	Generation of novel mutation	[64,65,66]
	Gene knockdown	Perform eQTL studies	[67]
	CRISPR-mediated gene interference (CRISPRi) or gene activation (CRISPRa)	Investigate GWAS risk variants function	[68, 69]
	CRISPR-based screening	Investigate known genetic modifiers	[70, 71]
	CRISPR-based screening	Identify novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers	[72, 73]
3D cell models	Organoids	Mimic organ functions in vitro	[74,75,76,77]
		Replicate the pathology in vitro and discover underlying pathologic mechanisms	[78, 79]
		Develop high-throughput screening platform	[80]
	Engineered tissues i.e., Vascular rings	Mimic organ functions in vitro	[81,82,83]
	Engineered tissues i.e., Vascular rings	Replicate the pathology in vitro	[84]
	Organ-On-a-Chip	Mimic organ functions	[85,86,87]
		Model the pathology and discover therapeutic targets/pathways	[88, 89]
		Develop platform for high-throughput screening	[90, 91]
Multi-omics	Genomics, Epigenomics, Transcriptomics, Proteomics, Metabolomics	Provide insights into disease mechanisms	[92, 93]
Multi-omics		Identify potential diagnostic biomarkers	[94]
Drug screening	Phenotypic screening of drug libraries	Uncover underlying therapeutic targets/pathways	[80]
	Phenotypic screening of drug libraries	Test effectiveness of candidate drugs	[60, 95]
	Novel compounds	Test drug toxicity	[96]
	Novel compounds	Test drug permeability	[90, 97]

ISSN: 1471-2261