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Table 2 Resting echocardiography parameters and cardiopulmonary exercise test parameters of the patients with chronic heart failure (n = 73)

From: Left atrial dysfunction can independently predict exercise capacity in patients with chronic heart failure who use beta-blockers

Variables

Total (n = 73)

VO2max ≥ 16 mL/kg/min (n = 38)

VO2max < 16 mL/kg/min (n = 35)

P value for comparison

P value for correlation with VO2max in linear regression analysis

Left ventricular diastolic variables

     

E, cm/s

82 ± 31

75 ± 25

90 ± 36

0.106

0.005**

e′ ave, cm/s

6.5 ± 2.2

6.8 ± 2.1

6.2 ± 2.4

0.174

0.277

E/e′

13.6 ± 6.0

11.6 ± 3.9

15.7 ± 7.1

0.006**

 < 0.0001***

Left ventricular systolic variables

     

LVEDVI, ml/m2

80 ± 43

69 ± 20

93 ± 57

0.059

0.015*

LVESVI, ml/m2

48 ± 35

38.30 ± 15

58 ± 47

0.079

0.008**

LVSVI, ml/m2

32 ± 10

31 ± 7

34 ± 13

0.212

0.280

LVEF, %

44 ± 10

46 ± 8

42 ± 12

0.182

0.020*

LVEF ≥ 50%, n(%)

25 (34%)

15 (39%)

10 (29%)

0.143

–

LVEF = 41–49%, n (%)

21 (29%)

13 (34%)

8 (23%)

  

LVEF ≤ 40%, n (%)

27 (37%)

10 (26%)

17 (49%)

  

LVGLS, %

− 13.0 ± 3.5

− 13.3 ± 3.1

− 12.7 ± 4.0

0.431

0.191

TAPSE, cm

2.0 ± 0.4

2.0 ± 0.3

2.0 ± 0.5

0.760

0.300

Left atrial variables

     

LA reservoir strain, %

24.3 ± 9.2

27.5 ± 9.7

20.9 ± 7.3

0.003**

 < 0.0001***

LA conduit strain, %

− 12.9 ± 6.9

− 14.1 ± 7.2

− 11.6 ± 6.4

0.100

0.019*

LA booster strain, %

− 11.4 ± 6.5

− 13.5 ± 6.1

− 9.3 ± 6.3

0.005**

0.001**

LAVImax, ml/m 2

31.1 ± 18.4

23.6 ± 9.7

39.3 ± 21.9

0.0002***

 < 0.0001***

LAVImin, ml/m 2

17.8 ± 14.8

11.8 ± 6.6

24.3 ± 18.2

0.0001***

 < 0.0001***

LATEF, %

47 ± 14

51 ± 14

42 ± 12

0.004**

 < 0.0001***

CPET variables

     

RERmax

1.15 ± 0.08

1.17 ± 0.07

1.13 ± 0.08

0.032*

0.027*

Loadmax, W

89 ± 32

110 ± 26

67 ± 20

 < 0.0001***

 < 0.0001***

VE/VCO2 slope

32 ± 6

29 ± 4

36 ± 6

 < 0.0001***

 < 0.0001***

VO2max/pre, %

63 ± 14

70 ± 11

55 ± 12

 < 0.0001***

 < 0.0001***

VO2max, mL/kg/min

17 ± 4

20 ± 3

13 ± 2

 < 0.0001***

–

O2 pulsemax, mL/beat

9 ± 3

11 ± 2

8 ± 2

 < 0.0001***

 < 0.0001***

O2 pulsemax/pre,%

78 ± 18

85 ± 14

70 ± 20

0.0006***

 < 0.0001***

HR max, bpm

126 ± 25

131 ± 19

121 ± 30

0.068

0.011*

  1. *P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001
  2. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. E, early diastolic peak flow velocity of the mitral valve; e′ave, average early diastolic velocity of mitral annulus; E/e′, ratio of transmitral E velocity to tissue Doppler mitral annulus e′ velocity; LATEF, left atrial total empty fraction; LA, left atrial; LAVImax, maximum left atrial volume index; LAVImin, minimum left atrial volume index; LVEDVI, left ventricular end diastolic volume index; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESVI, left ventricular end systolic volume index; LVGLS, left ventricular global longitudinal strain; RERmax, maximum respiratory exchange ratio; Loadmax, maximum load; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; VE/VCO2, minute ventilation to carbon dioxide production; VO2max, maximum oxygen uptake; VO2max/pre, ratio of maximum to predicted oxygen uptake; HRmax, maximum heart rate; O2 pulsemax, maximum oxygen consumption per pulse; O2 pulse max/pre, ratio of maximum to predicted oxygen consumption per pulse
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BMC Cardiovascular Disorders

ISSN: 1471-2261

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