Table 1 Characteristics of participants by different AACs levels, NHANES 2013–2014a
Characteristics | AACs categories | ||
|---|---|---|---|
AACs ≤ 6 | AACs > 6 | P value | |
Age, years | 57.88 (10.84) | 69.33 (9.31) | < 0.001 |
Race, No. (%) | Â | Â | 0.033 |
 Mexican American | 127 (13.89) | 11 (12.09) |  |
 Other Hispanic | 88 (9.63) | 3 (3.30) |  |
 Non-Hispanic White | 394 (43.11) | 50 (54.95) |  |
 Non-Hispanic Black | 185 (20.24) | 11 (12.09) |  |
 Other race | 120 (13.13) | 16 (17.58) |  |
Gender, No. (%) | Â | Â | 0.413 |
 Male | 441 (48.25) | 48 (52.75) |  |
 Female | 473 (51.75) | 43 (47.25) |  |
Educational levels, No. (%) | Â | Â | 0.439 |
 Less than high school | 100 (10.95) | 9 (9.89) |  |
 High school or equivalent | 310 (33.95) | 37 (40.66) |  |
 College or above | 503 (55.09) | 45 (49.45) |  |
Smoking status, No. (%) |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Current | 334 (36.54) | 59 (64.84) |  |
 Former | 260 (28.45) | 17 (18.68) |  |
 Never | 320 (35.01) | 15 (16.48) |  |
Income, No. (%) | Â | Â | 0.005 |
 < 20, 000 | 163 (18.84) | 20 (22.73) |  |
 20, 000–55, 000 | 262 (30.29) | 40 (45.45) |  |
 55, 000–75, 000 | 165 (19.08) | 11 (12.50) |  |
 > 75, 000 | 275 (31.79) | 17 (19.32) |  |
Hypertension, No. (%) | 479 (52.41) | 45 (49.45) | 0.590 |
Diabetes, No. (%) | 437 (47.81) | 74 (81.32) | < 0.001 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.77 (5.66) | 27.09 (4.28) | 0.006 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 197.56 (44.93) | 186.42 (39.26) | 0.028 |
Triglycerides, mg/dL | 125.74 (88.89) | 115.44 (54.03) | 0.466 |
Cotinine, ng/mL | 60.10 (143.62) | 89.21 (240.93) | 0.276 |
Alcohol, drinks/day | 1.40 (1.83) | 1.44 (1.62) | 0.829 |
 1-NAP, ng/g | 4.48 (4.54) | 23.97 (22.67) | < 0.001 |
 2-NAP, ng/g | 1.21 (1.04) | 3.77 (3.12) | < 0.001 |
 3-FLU, ng/g | 0.31 (0.82) | 0.59 (1.18) | 0.034 |
 2-FLU, ng/g | 0.32 (0.43) | 0.54 (0.97) | 0.038 |
 1-PHE, ng/g | 0.31 (0.77) | 0.56 (0.78) | 0.004 |
 1-PYR, ng/g | 0.34 (0.65) | 1.63 (1.89) | < 0.001 |
 2 & 3- PHE, ng/g | 0.30 (0.51) | 0.48 (0.69) | 0.018 |