| Non-HF controls (n = 194) | HFrEF controls (n = 1258) | HFpEF cases (n = 133) | P value cases versus controls | Test cohorts (n = 269, HFpEF cases = 68) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Set I (n = 61) | Set II (n = 68) | Set III (n = 71) | Set IV (n = 69) | |||||
Female, % (100%) | 48.5% | 36.8% | 54.9% | – | 61.8% | 67.1% | 68.9% | 61.2% |
Age, y (100%) | 54 ± 18 | 69 (22) | 73 ± 12 |  < 0.0001 | 66 ± 13 | 56 ± 15 | 55 ± 15 | 61 ± 13 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 (76%) | 28.35 ± 8.07 | 28.75 ± 7.34 | 34.06 ± 10.07 |  < 0.0001 | 30.95 ± 8.15 | 32.18 ± 8.32 | 30.66 ± 7.58 | 31.67 ± 7.87 |
Hypertension, % | 43.2% | 81.6% | 91.7% | – | 83.8% | 89.5% | 67.6% | 79.6% |
Diabetes mellitus, % | 20.1% | 42% | 54.1% | – | 52.9% | 31.6% | 24.3% | 34.7% |
Atrial fibrillation, % | 4.6% | 47.6% | 52.6% | – | 50% | 19.7% | 6.7% | 37.8% |
Pulmonary hypertension, % |  < 1% | 12.2% | 25.6% | – | 26.5% | 7.9% | 2.7% | 11.2% |
Kidney disease, % | 6.7% | 35.5% | 46.6% | – | 66.1% | 21.1% | 24.3% | 25.5% |
Antihypertensive drugs, n** | – | – | – | – | 2(10) | 0 (4) | 0(4) | 0(0) |
NT-proBNP, pg/ml (#) | 46 (53) | 138 (1676) | 4181 (3620) | – | 873 (1359) | 282 (181) | NAN* | 781 (1258) |
BNP, pg/ml (#) | 54 (73) | 76 (353) | 1510 (4488) | – | NAN* | NAN* | NAN* | 796 (656) |
Creatinine, umol/l (99%) | 82.8 ± 39.7 | 88.0 (34.0) | 84.0 (28.0) | 0.165 | 89.0 (40.0) | 78.0 (25.5) | 78.5 (24.0) | 86.6 ± 19.6 |
Hemoglobin, g/dl (96%) | 12.6 ± 2.1 | 13.3 (2.6) | 13.1 ± 1.8 | 0.836 | 12.7 ± 2.0 | 12.8 ± 1.7 | 12.6 ± 2.0 | 12.9 ± 2.1 |
White cell count, 109/l (100%) | 7.1 (4.33) | 7.54 (3.99) | 7.43 (3.76) | 0.141 | 6.94 (3.57) | 6.64 (3.4) | 7.28 (4.43) | 6.74 (3.16) |
C-reactive protein, mg/l (96%) | 6.5 ± 3.21 | 6.87 ± 3.12 | 7.4 (5.0) | 0.254 | 6.93 ± 3.17 | 6.34 ± 3.01 | 6.62 ± 3.03 | 6.12 ± 3.11 |
Urea, mmol/l (99%) | 5.73 ± 3.73 | 7.12 ± 4.43 | 6.4 (3.7) | 0.687 | 6.85 (3.98) | 5.3 (1.85) | 4.65 (2.47) | 5.95 (2.43) |
Albumin, g/l (99%) | 40.17 ± 6.98 | 41.13 ± 6.52 | 42.0 (3.0) | 0.711 | 41.0 (6.0) | 42.5 (4.25) | 43.0 (6.0) | 43.0 (3.0) |
Sodium, mmol/l (99%) | 138.34 ± 3.88 | 139.0 (4.0) | 139.0 (3.0) | 0.183 | 139.0 (3.25) | 139.63 ± 2.52 | 139.34 ± 2.91 | 140.0 (3.0) |
Potassium, mmol/l (99%) | 4.57 ± 0.26 | 4.3 (0.6) | 4.35 ± 0.58 | 0.720 | 4.2 (0.73) | 4.28 ± 0.53 | 4.36 ± 0.52 | 4.31 ± 0.54 |
Calcium, mmol/l (98%) | 2.28 (0.15) | 2.29 (0.13) | 2.31 ± 0.12 | 0.147 | 2.29 (0.17) | 2.33 (0.14) | 2.35 ± 0.13 | 2.34 ± 0.13 |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg (63%) | 132.93 ± 17.08 | 129.14 ± 21.9 | 139.54 ± 21.46 |  < 0.0001 | 140.89 ± 25.87 | 136.78 ± 17.84 | 138.63 ± 23.21 | 138.12 ± 18.65 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg (67%) | 79.15 ± 11.76 | 73.79 ± 13.36 | 74.96 ± 13.45 |  < 0.0001 | 73.16 ± 11.98 | 78.16 ± 13.09 | 80.68 ± 15.18 | 74.08 ± 13.73 |
Heart rate, beat/min (65%) | 81.38 ± 14.28 | 73.69 ± 14.74 | 76.47 ± 16.72 | 0.0008 | 67.35 ± 9.63 | 75.31 ± 14.1 | 75.0 ± 8.8 | 74.64 ± 18.15 |
Oxygen saturation, % (52%) | 98.1 ± 1.75 | 96.49 ± 5.05 | 96.22 ± 3.0 |  < 0.0001 | 96.36 ± 2.87 | 96.69 ± 2.87 | 97.89 ± 1.62 | 96.13 ± 4.66 |
LV end diastolic volume, ml (23%) | 155.0 ± 61.89 | 152.46 ± 53.52 | 106.7 ± 26.52 |  < 0.0001 | 149.0 ± 16.97 | 124 ± NAN* | 155.0 ± NAN * | 110.83 ± 27.98 |
LV mass systolic, g (1%) | 176.7 ±  53.0 | 265.2 ± 155.2 | 225.2 ±  74.5 |  < 0.0001 | 118.9 ± nan* | NAN * | 210.3 ± 158.0 | 111.7 ± 89.9 |
LV ejection fraction, % (100%) | 60.4 ± 3.9 | 44.2 ± 11.5 | 58.0 ± 4.9 |  < 0.0001 | 55.5 ± 2.1 | 60.5 ± 0.7 | 61.5 ± 2.1 | 55.3 ± 4.1 |
LV internal diameter at end diastole, cm/m2 (59%) | 2.46 ± 0.24 | 2.71 ± 0.5 | 2.46 ± 0.36 | 0.0002 | 2.36 ± 0.26 | 2.46 ± 0.28 | 2.32 ± 0.24 | 2.45 ± 0.35 |
LV stroke volume, ml (4%) | 92.5 ± 34.78 | 65.52 ± 19.78 | 55.0 ± 4.36 |  < 0.0001 | 82.0 ± 5.66 | 75.0 ± NAN * | 93.0 ± NAN * | 64.2 ± 19.7 |
LV outflow tract velocity time integral diameter, cm (20%) | 2.13 ± 0.28 | 2.16 ± 0.24 | 2.17 ± 0.34 | 0.1126 | 2.03 ± 0.2 | 2.14 ± 0.24 | 2.13 ± 0.12 | 2.07 ± 0.23 |
LV end systolic volume, ml (22%) | 62.5 ± 27.2 | 87.32 ± 42.81 | 42.67 ± 3.21 | 0.1708 | 66.5 ± 12.02 | 49.0 ± NAN * | 62.0 ± NAN * | 49.4 ± 10.45 |
LA systolic volume, ml (31%) | 60.0 ± 19.52 | 86.47 ± 38.77 | 143.67 ± 70.44 |  < 0.0001 | 120.5 ± 28.99 | 112.0 ± NAN * | 69.0 ± NAN * | 70.33 ± 21.4 |
TR max PG, mmHg (80%) | 26.7 ± 10.2 | 29.4 ± 11.2 | 34.16 ± 12.9 |  < 0.0001 | 37.2 ± 13.8 | 24.9 ± 10.18 | 26.3 ± 8.3 | 32.3 ± 11.4 |
E/e’ lateral ratio (50%) | 7.26 ± 3.11 | 10.70 ±  6.07 | 11.59 ±  5.96 |  < 0.0001 | 13.54 ± 4.59 | 11.70 ± 5.16 | 9.35 ± 3.48 | 12.87 ± 7.27 |
E/e’ septal ratio (50%) | 9.75 ± 4.99 | 14.51 ±  7.71 | 14.37 ± 5.6 |  < 0.0001 | 16.83 ± 5.44 | 14.77 ± 6.2 | 11.5 ± 4.52 | 16.04 ± 7.53 |
RV V1 max, cm/sec (6%) | 82.28 ± 17.7 | 71.98 ± 22.65 | 80.41 ± 19.01 | 0.0001 | 95.37 ± 12.52 | 80.87 ± 17.42 | 71.34 ± 9.96 | 77.79 ± 18.88 |
RV V1 mean, cm/sec (4%) | 47.04 ± 5.91 | 47.38 ± 14.19 | 52.03 ± 11.62 | 0.0048 | 53.5 ± 10.47 | 59.05 ± 5.18 | 48.65 ± 6.76 | 50.6 ± 9.53 |
Mitral valve E/A ratio, (84%) | 1.08 ± 0.42 | 1.37 ± 0.07 | 1.13 ± 0.61 |  < 0.0001 | 1.23 ± 0.76 | 0.9 ± 0.34 | 0.98 ± 0.36 | 1.04 ± 0.4 |
Mitral regurgitation max velocity, cm/sec (10%) | 483.46 ± 68.77 | 495.48 ± 88.56 | 502.84 ± 93.06 | 0.021 | 592.08 ± 98.05 | 553.39 ± 31.3 | NAN | 505.68 ± 119.98 |
Tricuspid regurgitation max velocity, cm/sec (80%) | 233.23 ± 31.74 | 264.47 ± 56.62 | 274.1 ± 56.34 |  < 0.0001 | 310.38 ± 61.48 | 254.82 ± 53.76 | 239.73 ± 41.81 | 277.2 ± 50.81 |