Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with and without ERAF

Male, n (%)

30 (66.7)

14 (70)

44 (67.7)

0.07

0.79

Age, years

58.3 ± 10.5

61.4 ± 12.1

59.2 ± 11. 2

1.2

0.29

BMI, kg/m²

24.2 ± 2.5

23.8 ± 3.8

24.1 ± 2.9

0.28

0.6

Systolic blood pressure(mmHg)

126.7 ± 22.8

131.1 ± 15.6

128.1 ± 20.7

0.61

0.42

Diastolic blood pressure(mmHg)

78.5 ± 11.7

80.6 ± 9.2

79.1 ± 10. 2

0.48

0.49

Heart rate(bpm)

81.5 (74,79)

75 (62,87.5)

80 (72.5,90)

 − 1.05

0.29

Coronary artery disease, n (%)

9 (20)

4 (20)

13 (20)

 < 0.01

1

Hypertension, n (%)

23 (51.1)

12 (60)

35 (53.8)

0.44

0.51

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

7 (15.6)

6 (30)

13 (20)

1.02

0.31

Previous stroke or TIA, n(%)

15 (33.3)

9 (45.0)

24 (36.9)

0.81

0.37

History of thyroid disease, n (%)

7 (15.6)

2 (10)

9 (13.8)

0.04

0.83

Type of AF

Paroxysmal, n (%)

19 (42.2)

9 (45.0)

28 (43.1)

0.04

0.84

Persistent, n (%)

26 (57.8)

11 (55.0)

37 (56.9)

AF duration, months

1.56 (0.6,24.6)

3.8 (1.6,23.8)

1.8 (0.7,24.5)

 − 0.99

0.32

RFCA time, mins

231 (215,280)

214 (181,270)

230 (197,280)

 − 1.49

0.14

CHA2DS2-Vasc score

3.0 (2.0,4.0)

2.5 (1.0,4.0)

2.0 (1.0,3.0)

 − 1.62

0.11

Smoker, n (%)

12 (26.7)

5 (25.0)

17 (26.2)

0.2

0.89

Drinking, n (%)

7 (15.6)

2 (10.0)

9 (13.8)

0.04

0.83

Medications during blanking period

Amiodarone, n (%)

36 (80.0)

15 (75.0)

51 (78.5)

0.02

0.9

Beta blocker, n (%)

19 (42.2)

9 (45.0)

28 (43.0)

0.44

0.84

ACEi/ARB, n (%)

16 (35.6)

10 (50.0)

26 (40.0)

1.2

0.27

Warfarin/Rivaroxaban n (%)

45 (100)

20 (100)

65 (100)

 –

–

Statin drugs, n(%)

29 (64.4)

16 (80)

45 (69.2)

1.57

0.21

Echocardiographic parameters

Left atrial area,cm²

16.3 ± 3.9

18.0 ± 3.1

16.9 ± 3.7

3

0.09

Left ventricular end diastolic diameter,mm

47.8 ± 5.7

48.5 ± 4.5

48.0 ± 5.4

0.47

0.64

LVEF, %

65 (60,70)

68 (63.3,70.5)

65 (60.5,70)

 − 1.21

0.23

E/A < 1 before RFCA,n(%)

22 (61.1)

15 (88.2)

37 (69.8)

2.85

0.09

E/A < 1 after RFCA,n(%)

9 (25)

13 (76.5)

22 (41.5)

10.57

0.001

3D CT 0f heart and pulmonary vein

LAV(mL)

95.2 (62.7,119.2)

94.2 (69.9,121.7)

97.4 (66.7,122.7)

 − 0.95

0.34

BSA(m2)

0.8 (0.8,0.9)

0.8 (0.7,0.9)

0.8 (0.8,1.0)

 − 0.14

0.89

LAVI:LA volume/BSA (mL/m2)

107 (73.1,143.2)

99.8 (83.5,185.8)

102.1 (74.8,143.3)

 − 0.95

0.515

Left superior PV diameter (mm)

10.2 (7.0,12.8)

10.4 (7.7,13.6)

10.4 (7.5,12.9)

 − 0.24

0.82

Left inferior PV diameter (mm)

8.4 (6.6,11)

9.3 (7.6,11.4)

8.6 (7.2,11.3)

 − 0.87

0.38

Right superior PV diameter (mm)

9.4 (7.0,12.3)

9.8 (8.4,11.9)

9.4 (7.5,12.2)

 − 0.07

0.94

Right inferior PV diameter (mm)

9.8 (7.5,13)

9.9 (7.2,13.8)

9.5 (7.4,13.1)

 − 0.03

0.98

ECG after RFCA

PWD (ms)

21 (11,31)

33 (25.5,43)

25.5 (11.3,39.8)

 − 2.54

0.01

mPWD(ms)

90 (81.5,97)

94 (78.3,96.3)

92.3 (77.9,100.3)

 − 0.59

0.56

Blood test index

WBC(× 10⁹/L)

6.6 (5.4,7.9)

6.0 (5.1,7.9)

6.3 (5.3,7.9)

 − 0.85

0.4

NE(× 10 ⁹ /L)

3.9(3.0,5.2)

3.2 (2.4,5.0)

3.7 (2.8,5.2)

 − 1.02

0.31

LYM(× 10 ⁹ /L)

2.0 (1.7,2.2)

1.8 (1.4,2.2)

1.9 (1.6,2.2)

 − 0.8

0.43

HB(g/L)

142.4 ± 18.1

141.8 ± 14.4

142.2 ± 16.9

0.02

0.88

PLT(× 10 ⁹ /L)

229.9 ± 60.5

226.7 ± 61.9

228.9 ± 60.5

0.04

0.84

TSH(mIU/L)

1.4 (0.8,2.3)

1.8 (1.1,3.2)

1.7 (0.9,2.7)

 − 1.68

0.09

FT3(pmol/L)

5.3 (4.7,5.6)

5.2 (4.4,5.5)

5.2 (4.7,5.6)

 − 0.7

0.48

FT4(pmol/L)

16.9 ± 3.1

15.2 ± 3.1

16.4 ± 3.1

 − 1.96

0.05

PT(s)

11.2 (10.6,11.9)

11.8 (11.1,13.6)

11.3 (10.8,12.9)

 − 1.96

0.05

APTT(s)

27.4 (25.8,29.7)

29.3 (26.6,32)

28.1 (26,30.9)

 − 1.32

0.19

D-Dimer(FEU)

0.3 (0.2,0.5)

0.3 (0.2,0.5)

0.3 (0.2,0.5)

 − 0.79

0.43

CREA(umol/L)

73.3 (62,84.6)

73.7 (60.8,85.1)

73.3 (62,86.3)

0.001

0.98

UA(umol/L)

371(308,436.5)

372.5(281,412)

371(304,427)

0.59

0.45

TRPV2 mRNA expression before RFCA

1.0 (1.0,1.0)

1.0 (1.0,1.0)

1.0 (1.0,1.0)

 − 0.02

0.98

TRPV2 mRNA expression after RFCA

0.5 (0.3,0.7)

0.9 (0.6,1.1)

0.6 (0.3,0.9)

 − 3.58

 < 0.001