Epicardial adipose tissue thickness is related to early subclinical myocardial dysfunction, particularly in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case control study

Prestegui-Muñóz, David Eduardo; Benítez-Maldonado, Daniel Rabindranath; Rodríguez-Álvarez, Karen; de Jesús Prestegui-Muñoz, José Ángel; Melchor-López, Alberto; Suárez-Cuenca, Juan Antonio

doi:10.1186/s12872-022-02944-8

Table 1 Clinical-demographic characteristics of the study population (n = 71)

From: Epicardial adipose tissue thickness is related to early subclinical myocardial dysfunction, particularly in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case control study

	*MALES (n* = *36)*			*FEMALES (n* = *35)*
	*ALL MALES*	*DIVIDED BY STRAIN*		*ALL FEMALES*	*DIVIDED BY STRAIN*
	*ALL MALES*	*Strain* ≤ *-22.4% (Higher myofibrill deformation)* (n = 14)	*Strain* > *-22.4% (Lower myofibrill deformation)* (n = 22)	*ALL FEMALES*	*Strain* ≤ *-22.4% (Higher myofibrill deformation)* (n = 18)	*Strain* > *-22.4% (Lower myofibrill deformation)* (n = 17)
Age (years)
*All*	51 ± 9	48.7 ± 8.7	52.6 ± 9	46.9 ± 9	44.8 ± 10.4	49.18 ± 6.9
*non T2DM*	50 ± 9	48.7 ± 8.7	55.5 ± 9	44.5 ± 10	43.7 ± 10	48.3 ± 10.1
*t2DM*	52 ± 9	-	52.0 ± 9	49.5 ± 7	50.6 ± 10	49.3 ± 6.5
Weight (Kg)
*All*	77 ± 14	75.3 ± 11	78.1 ± 16	67.3 ± 12	64.1 ± 12	70.8 ± 12
*non T2DM*	78 ± 13	75.3 ± 11	88.3 ± 16	67.9 ± 14	65.9 ± 13	77.6 ± 19
*T2DM*	75 ± 16	-	75.8 ± 16	66.8 ± 11	54.8 ± 3	69.3 ± 10**
BMI (Kg/m²)
*All*	28.0 ± 4	27.0 ± 3	28.8 ± 5	26.8 ± 4	25.7 ± 4	28.0 ± 4
*non T2DM*	28.1 ± 4	27.0 ± 3	31.6 ± 4**	26.7 ± 4	23.3 ± 4	28.8 ± 6
*T2DM*	28.2 ± 5	-	28.2 ± 5	26.9 ± 4	22.8 ± 1	27.8 ± 3**
Waist Circumference (cm)
*All*	105.0 ± 19	98.7 ± 10	109.2 ± 22	97.4 ± 17	92.8 ± 17	102.3 ± 18
*non T2DM*	101.0 ± 12	98.7 ± 10	111.0 ± 13	95.5 ± 18	94.4 ± 18	100.6 ± 18
*T2DM*	108.8 ± 24	-	108.0 ± 24	99.5 ± 17	84.6 ± 3	102.6 ± 18
SBP (mmHg)
*All*	121.0 ± 12	113.6 ± 9	126.9 ± 12	119.2 ± 15	118.9 ± 15	119.5 ± 16
*non T2DM*	117.0 ± 11	113.6 ± 9	129.0 ± 8**	117.2 ± 13	117.4 ± 14	116.6 ± 15
*T2DM*	126.3 ± 13*	-	126.0 ± 13	121.3 ± 17	126.6 ± 25	120.2 ± 17
DBP (mmHg)
*All*	75.0 ± 9	72.9 ± 11	77.9 ± 8	76.1 ± 8	76.0 ± 7	76.2 ± 9
*non T2DM*	74.0 ± 11	72.9 ± 11	78.5 ± 8	76.0 ± 6	75.5 ± 6	78.3 ± 8
*T2DM*	77.7 ± 8	-	77.7 ± 8	76.2 ± 9	78.3 ± 10	75.7 ± 9
Glucose (mg/dL) Glucose
*All*	115.0 ± 52	105.5 ± 27	139.5 ± 60	135.6 ± 79	118.0 ± 61	154.1 ± 94
*non T2DM*	102.7 ± 25	105.5 ± 27	93.2 ± 5	116.1 ± 61	114.6 ± 65	123.3 ± 47
*T2DM*	149.7 ± 62*	-	149.0 ± 62	156.2 ± 93	135.0 ± 38	160.7 ± 101
HbA1c (%)
*All*	7.1 ± 2	5.9 ± 0.37	7.8 ± 2.9	7.7 ± 2.4	6.6 ± 2.0	8.9 ± 3
*non T2DM*	5.9 ± 0	5.9 ± 0.37	6.1 ± 0.25	6.0 ± 0.5	6.0 ± 0.5	5.9 ± 1
*T2DM*	8.2 ± 3*	-	8.2 ± 3.1	9.5 ± 2.3*	9.5 ± 2.0*	9.5 ± 2*
Cholesterol (mg/dL)
*All*	189.0 ± 47	179.6 ± 56	195.5 ± 42	195.0 ± 43	190.9 ± 46	199.7 ± 42
*non T2DM*	187.6 ± 52	179.6 ± 56	215.7 ± 26	195.7 ± 50	188.4 ± 49	232.6 ± 40
*T2DM*	191.0 ± 43	-	191.0 ± 43	194.6 ± 38	200.3 ± 22	192.7 ± 41
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
*All*	177.0 ± 95	144.4 ± 113	198.8 ± 77	189.0 ± 120	160.8 ± 69	219.6 ± 155
*non T2DM*	154.0 ± 101	144.4 ± 113	187.0 ± 21	169.7 ± 70	160.2 ± 64	217.3 ± 92
*T2DM*	201.0 ± 85	-	201.0 ± 85	210.1 ± 157	163.5 ± 106	220.1 ± 168
c-HDL (mg/dL)
*All*	45.7 ± 22	47.4 ± 28	44.6 ± 18	49.6 ± 20	52.4 ± 21	46.6 ± 20
*non T2DM*	47.5 ± 25	47.4 ± 28	47.9 ± 11	48.0 ± 17	49.7 ± 18	40.0 ± 11
*T2DM*	43.9 ± 20	-	43.9 ± 20	51.2 ± 24	66.1 ± 34	48.0 ± 21
c-LDL (mg/dL)
*All*	109.3 ± 43	104.9 ± 46	112.1 ± 41	112.2 ± 38	115.5 ± 43	108.8 ± 34
*non T2DM*	107.6 ± 46	104.9 ± 46	116.0 ± 51	117.4 ± 42	114.9 ± 46	129.6 ± 9
*T2DM*	111.1 ± 41	-	111.0 ± 41	106.8 ± 35	118.5 ± 30	104.3 ± 36
EAT
*All*	4.46 ± 1	3.4 ± 1	5.1 ± 1**	3.9 ± 1.1	3.62 ± 1.06	4.3 ± 1.2
*non T2DM*	3.43 ± 1	3.4 ± 1	3.5 ± 1	3.19 ± 0.83	3.28 ± 0.79	2.7 ± 1.1
*T2DM*	5.49 ± 1*	-	5.4 ± 1*	4.74 ± 0.88*	5.31 ± 0.43*	4.6 ± 0.91*
STRAIN
*All*	-22.1 ± 2.4	-24.4 ± 2	-20.6 ± 0.93	-22.8 ± 2.9	-24.8 ± 2.7	-20.6 ± 0.64
*non T2DM*	-23.7 ± 2.2	-24.4 ± 2	-21.6 ± 0.69**	-24.6 ± 2.9	-25.2 ± 2.84	-21.4 ± 0.38**
*T2DM*	-20.3 ± 0.8*	-	-20.3 ± 0.84*	-20.9 ± 1.14*	-22.9 ± 0.19	-20.4 ± 0.68*

Quantitative data was analyzed by 2-tail, T-test, and Categorical data by X²
Abbreviations: t2DM type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, SBP Systemic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, BMI Body Mass Index, HbA1c Glycated hemoglobin, cHDL High-density Lipoprotein cholesterol, cLDL Low-density Lipoprotein cholesterol, EAT Epicardial Adipose Thickness
^*p < 0.005 difference between non-T2DM vs DT2DM
^**p < 0.005 difference between higher myofibrill deformation vs lower myofibrill deformation)

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ISSN: 1471-2261

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