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Table 1  Sociodemographic, anthropometric and clinical characteristics of participants by sex

From: Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and associated factors among inpatients with severe mental illness in Botswana: a cross-sectional study

Variable

Overall(n=119)

Female(n=57)

Male(n=62)

P value

Age in years, median (IQR)

34(25.0, 43.0)

40(31,47)

28(24,37)

<0.001

Male sex, n (%)

62(52.1)

-

-

 

HIV status, n (%)

   

<0.001

 Positive

27 (23)

21 (37)

6(10)

 

 Negative

83 (72)

30 (53)

53 (86)

 

 Unknown

9 (5)

6 (11)

3 (5)

 

Smoker, n (%)

43 (36)

5 (9)

38 (61)

<0.001

Cigarettes smoked per day, median (IQR)

5 (3,10)

3 (3,4)

6 (3,10)

0.40

aType of antipsychotic medication used, n (%)

   

0.01

 None

3 (3)

2 (4)

1 (2)

 

 1st generation

1 8(16)

3 (5)

15 (25)

 

 2nd generation

87 (75)

49 (88)

38 (63)

 

 Both

8 (7)

2 (4)

6 (10)

 

Waist circumference in cm, mean (SD)

79.8 (15)

82.5 (18)

77.4 (11)

0.07

Hip circumference in cm, median(IQR)

87 (75, 96)

92 (77, 100)

84.5 (75, 92)

0.02

High Waist-hip ratio (>0.85 for females, >0.9 for males), n(%)

80 (67)

43 (75)

37 (60)

0.07

Weight in kilograms,

67 (58.1, 78)

66 (56.2, 81.5)

67.1 (60.8, 76)

0.87

Height in cm, median (IQR)

166.6 (161, 174)

161.5(157.5, 165.5)

170.9 (167.2, 178.2)

<0.001

BMI category, n (%)

   

0.01

 Underweight (BMI <18)

8 (7)

2 (4)

6 (10)

 

 Normal (BMI 18-25)

61 (51)

24 (42)

37 (60)

 

 Overweight (BMI 26-30)

23 (19)

11 (19)

12 (19)

 

 Obese (BMI>30)

27 (23)

20 (35)

7 (11)

 

SBP in mmHg, median (IQR)

121.7 (114,132)

123.3 (111.6, 133.7)

121.5 (114.3, 131.3)

0.52

DBP in mmHg, median (IQR)

82.3 (75.3, 89.7)

84.0 (76.6, 92.0)

81.7 (74.3, 87.3)

0.13

Components of the MetS, n(%)

    

 Central obesity

22 (19)

20 (36)

2 (3)

<0.0001

 Elevated BP

58 (49)

30 (53)

28 (45)

0.42

 Fasting glucose ≥6.1 mmol/L

46 (39)

23 (40)

23 (37)

0.72

 Triglycerides ≥1.7 mmol/L

36 (30)

23 (40)

13 (21)

0.02

 HDL-cholesterol, mmol/L (females <1.3 and males <1.0)

72 (61)

29 (51)

43 (69)

0.04

Days/week engaged in moderate intensity activities, mean (SD)

1.43(2.28)

1.32(2.01)

1.53(2.51)

0.61

  1. aPatients with no current medications (n=11) were excluded