Table 1 Comparison of baseline clinical and computed tomography angiography characteristics at patient level
Whole Cohort (n = 79) | Calcified nodule (n = 9) | Non-nodular calcification (n = 70) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 61.76 ± 11.53 | 62.11 ± 13.39 | 61.71 ± 11.38 | 0.923 |
≥ 70 year (%) | 21 (26.58) | 3 (33.33) | 18 (25.71) | 0.693 |
Men (%) | 62 (78.48) | 8 (88.89) | 54 (77.14) | 0.675 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.94 (23.66, 26.47) | 24.94 (23.34, 26.44) | 24.94 (23.66, 26.53) | 0.609 |
Current smoking (%) | 17 (21.52) | 1 (11.11) | 16 (22.86) | 0.675 |
Diabetes (%) | 28 (35.44) | 3 (33.33) | 25 (35.71) | 1.00 |
Hypertension (%) | 58 (73.42) | 7 (77.78) | 51 (72.86) | 1.00 |
Dyslipidemia (%) | 79 (100.00) | 9 (100.00) | 70 (100.00) | NC |
Prior myocardial infarction (%) | 17 (21.52) | 2 (22.22) | 15 (21.43) | 1.00 |
Prior PCI (%) | 16 (20.25) | 2 (22.22) | 14 (20.00) | 1.00 |
Chronic kidney disease (%) | 6 (7.59) | 0 (0) | 6 (8.57) | 1.00 |
Family history of premature CAD (%) | 6 (7.59) | 0 (0) | 6 (8.57) | 1.00 |
Clinical presentation | ||||
Stable angina pectoris (%) | 15 (18.99) | 4 (44.44) | 11 (15.71) | 0.061 |
Acute coronary syndrome (%) | 64 (81.01) | 5 (55.56) | 59 (84.29) | 0.061 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.47 (2.94, 4.26) | 3.17 (2.65, 3.79) | 3.58 (2.94, 4.32) | 0.257 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 0.90 (0.77, 1.01) | 0.81 (0.76,0.92) | 0.91 (0.79, 1.01) | 0.396 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.03 (1.51, 2.57) | 1.83 (1.34, 2.28) | 2.04 (1.50, 2.70) | 0.280 |
Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.35 (0.97, 1.81) | 1.12 (0.68, 1.57) | 1.43 (1.01, 2.01) | 0.063 |
Hemoglobin A1C (%) | 6.00 (5.60, 6.90) | 6.00 (5.40, 6.58) | 6.10 (5.60, 7.00) | 0.482 |
Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | 5.60 (4.91, 7.06) | 5.08 (4.19, 6.28) | 5.60 (5.06, 7.18) | 0.263 |
GFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 106.21 (87.48, 124.13) | 111.06 (87.41, 123.16) | 106.13 (88.40, 124.42) | 0.853 |
Peak hs-cTnT (ng/mL) | 0.011 (0.006, 0.057) | 0.008 (0.0045, 0.0805) | 0.011 (0.006, 0.0595) | 0.671 |
Peak pro-BNP (pg/mL) | 124.30 (50.22, 637.90) | 100.80 (44.48, 240.00) | 126.65 (51.93, 728.75) | 0.388 |
hs-CRP (mg/L) | 2.85 (1.15, 2.85) | 1.31 (0.62, 6.43) | 2.85 (1.17, 2.85) | 0.634 |
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | 69.00 (52.00, 87.00) | 82.00 (54.50, 93.50) | 65.00 (42.00, 77.50) | 0.022 |
Gamma-glutamyltransferas (U/L) | 26.00 (17.00,37.00) | 25.00 (18.00, 43.50) | 26.00 (16.75, 37.00) | 0.920 |
Serum calcium (mmol/L) | 2.25 ± 0.15 | 2.21 ± 0.14 | 2.26 ± 0.15 | 0.336 |
Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 67.00 (61.00, 71.00) | 70.00 (62.50, 75.00) | 67.00 (61.00, 71.00) | 0.256 |
Multi-vessel disease (%) | 52 (65.82) | 6 (66.67) | 46 (65.71) | 0.325 |
Total plaque volume (mm3) | 490.00 (151.00, 969.00) | 673.00 (256.50, 1516.05) | 467.50 (150.50, 940.75) | 0.021 |
Lipid volume (mm3) | 89.90 (40.40, 163.40) | 119.30 (48.65, 229.90) | 80.50 (40.23, 161.15) | 0.468 |
Fiber volume (mm3) | 122.80 (54.10, 208.60) | 205.10 (64.40, 282.60) | 122.25 (53.70, 201.43) | 0.347 |
Calcification volume (mm3) | 236.60 (52.90, 585.80) | 468.50 (144.75, 1029.40) | 197.30 (49.38, 582.48) | 0.165 |
Lipid percentage (%) | 20.64 (15.97, 27.25) | 17.12 (12.44, 21.55) | 20.71 (16.25, 29.09) | 0.073 |
Fiber percentage (%) | 25.22 (20.39, 39.91) | 22.42 (15.65, 31.06) | 25.64 (20.50, 40.53) | 0.235 |
Calcification percentage (%) | 54.91(41.48, 64.20) | 60.36 (47.77, 71.20) | 54.58 (39.99, 63.68) | 0.156 |