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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population

From: The predictive effect of direct-indirect bilirubin ratio on clinical events in acute coronary syndrome: results from an observational cohort study in north China

Variable

Total population

Low DIBIL ratio

Moderate DIBIL ratio

High DIBIL ratio

p value

n = 10,260

n = 3420

n = 3420

n = 3420

Total bilirubin, umol/L

13.75 ± 6.20

14.17 ± 6.39

13.69 ± 5.78

13.39 ± 6.40

<0.001

Direct bilirubin, umol/L

2.64 ± 1.54

1.97 ± 0.94

2.54 ± 1.08

3.40 ± 2.01

<0.001

Indirect bilirubin, umol/L

11.11 ± 5.06

12.20 ± 5.52

11.15 ± 4.72

9.99 ± 4.67

<0.001

Direct/indirect bilirubin ratio

0.23 (0.18, 0.28)

0.17 (0.15, 0.18)

0.23 (0.21, 0.24)

0.31 (0.28, 0.37)

<0.001

Age, years

63.9 ± 10.3

62.7 ± 10.3

64.1 ± 10.1

65.0 ± 10.4

<0.001

Male gender

6911 (67.4)

1974 (57.7)

2328 (68.1)

2609 (76.3)

<0.001

BMI, kg/m2

25.9 ± 3.5

25.8 ± 3.4

25.9 ± 3.5

25.9 ± 3.5

0.386

SBP, mmHg

130.9 ± 18.7

131.8 ± 18.7

131.1 ± 18.6

130.0 ± 18.8

0.001

DBP, mmHg

75.7 ± 11.6

76.3 ± 12.0

75.5 ± 11.5

75.3 ± 11.4

0.001

Heart rate, bpm

72 ± 12

71 ± 12

71 ± 12

72 ± 13

0.261

Medical history

     
 

Current/ex-Smoker

5930 (57.8)

1754 (51.3)

2044 (59.8)

2132 (62.3)

<0.001

 

Hypertension

7154 (69.7)

2335 (68.3)

2407 (70.4)

2412 (70.5)

0.043

 

Diabetes

3665 (35.7)

1201 (35.1)

1213 (35.5)

1251 (36.6)

0.207

 

Dyslipidemia

4897 (47.7)

1695 (49.6)

1689 (49.4)

1513 (44.2)

<0.001

 

Previous Stroke

1557 (15.2)

450 (13.2)

531 (15.5)

576 (16.8)

<0.001

 

Previous MI

1011 (9.9)

241 (7.0)

344 (10.1)

426 (12.5)

<0.001

 

Past PCI

1514 (14.8)

349 (10.2)

530 (15.5)

635 (18.6)

<0.001

 

Past CABG

200 (1.9)

46 (1.3)

61 (1.8)

93 (2.7)

<0.001

Clinical presentation

     
 

STEMI

1732 (16.9)

586 (33.8)

531 (30.7)

615 (35.5)

0.700

 

NSTEMI

1599 (15.6)

547 (34.2)

527 (33.0)

525 (32.8)

 

UAP

6929 (67.5)

2287 (33.0)

2362 (34.1)

2280 (32.9)

Medication on admission

     
 

Antiplatelet agent

3790 (36.9)

1075 (31.4)

1331 (38.9)

1384 (40.5)

<0.001

 

ACEI/ARB

3502 (34.1)

1114 (32.6)

1208 (35.3)

1180 (34.5)

0.048

 

Beta-blocker

2261 (22.0)

691 (20.2)

802 (23.5)

768 (22.5)

0.004

 

Statins

3266 (31.8)

975 (28.5)

1204 (35.2)

1087 (31.8)

0.004

Medication during hospitalization

     
 

Antiplatelet agent

9936 (96.8)

3322 (97.1)

3309 (96.8)

3305 (96.6)

0.240

 

ACEI/ARB

5706 (55.6)

1848 (54.0)

1863 (54.5)

1995 (58.3)

<0.001

 

Beta-blocker

7124 (69.4)

2371 (69.3)

2332 (68.2)

2421 (70.8)

0.189

 

Statins

9451 (92.1)

3175 (92.8)

3131 (91.5)

3145 (92.0)

0.178

Laboratory data

     
 

WBC, 109/L

6.7 (5.5, 8.2)

6.8 (5.61, 8.31)

6.6 (5.50, 8.16)

6.7 (5.40, 8.17)

0.006

 

Hemoglobin, g/L

135.7 ± 18.6

136.1 ± 18.6

135.8 ± 18.8

135.1 ± 18.3

0.087

 

HsCRP, mg/L

1.94 (0.75, 6.06)

1.94 (0.74, 5.72)

1.76 (0.70, 5.28)

2.12 (0.81, 7.35)

<0.001

 

RBG at admission, mmol/L

7.4 (6.0, 9.8)

7.4 (5.9, 9.9)

7.3 (6.0, 9.7)

7.4 (6.0, 9.8)

0.877

 

FPG, mmol/L

5.5 (4.8, 6.7)

5.5 (4.9, 6.9)

5.4 (4.8, 6.7)

5.4 (4.7, 6.6)

0.002

 

HbA1c, %

6.1 (5.6, 7.1)

6.1 (5.6, 7.2)

6.0 (5.6, 7.0)

6.1 (5.6, 7.1)

0.155

 

Albumin, g/L

39.0 (36.8, 41.5)

39.7 (37.4, 42.3)

38.9 (36.9, 41.4)

38.4 (36.0, 40.7)

<0.001

 

ALT, U/L

19.0 (13.0, 28.0)

18.0 (13.0, 27.0)

19.0 (13.0, 28.0)

19.0 (14.0, 29.0)

<0.001

 

AST, U/L

19.8 (16.0, 19.0)

19.0 (15.0, 27.8)

19.7 (16.0, 28.0)

20.0 (16.0, 31.0)

<0.001

 

ALP, U/L

75.0 (63.0, 89.0)

76.0 (64.0, 90.0)

76.0 (63.0, 90.0)

74.0 (62.0, 88.0)

0.001

 

GGT, U/L

24.0 (17.0, 36.0)

23.0 (17.0, 34.0)

24.0 (17.0, 36.0)

25.0 (17.0, 39.0)

0.002

 

ChE,

8.2 (7.2, 9.2)

8.6 (7.7, 9.7)

8.2 (7.3, 9.2)

7.7 (6.7, 8.7)

<0.001

 

Creatinine, umol/L

77.0 (66.7, 88.4)

73.3 (62.8, 84.6)

76.9 (67.1, 88.0)

80.3 (70.4, 91.8)

<0.001

 

eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2

86.5 (72.9, 99.1)

89.5 (75.7, 101.5)

86.5 (73.0, 99.1)

83.9 (70.2, 96.3)

<0.001

 

TC, mmol/L

4.18 (3.53, 4.89)

4.70 (4.06, 5.44)

4.11 (3.53, 4.74)

3.75 (3.18, 4.41)

<0.001

 

TGs, mmol/L

1.39 (1.03, 1.98)

1.67 (1.19, 2.38)

1.36 (1.01, 1.86)

1.21 (0.91, 1.70)

<0.001

 

LDLC, mmol/L

2.36 (1.89, 2.89)

2.69 (2.20, 3.24)

2.32 (1.89, 2.79)

2.08 (1.68, 2.57)

<0.001

 

HDLC, mmol/L

1.04 (0.90, 1.23)

1.09 (0.94, 1.29)

1.03 (0.90, 1.21)

1.00 (0.86, 1.17)

<0.001

Echocardiography

     
 

LVEF

64.5 ± 8.0

64.5 ± 8.0

64.1 ± 8.5

62.8 ± 9.7

<0.001

  1. ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, ARB: angiotensin receptor blockers, ALT: alanine aminotransferase, AST: aspartate amino transferase, ALP: alkaline phosphatase, BMI: body mass index, CABG: Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting, CRP: c-reactive protein, ChE: Cholinesterase, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate, FPG: fast plasma glucose, GGT: gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol, LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction, MI: myocardial infarction, NSTEMI: non-ST elevated myocardial infarction, PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention, RBG: random blood glucose, SBP: systolic blood pressure, STEMI:ST-elevated myocardial infarction, TC: total cholesterol, TGs: triacylglycerol, UAP: unstable angina pectoris, WBC: white blood cells
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