Table 1 Prevalence of polypharmacy and characteristics of patients with and without CVDs enrolled in the Pars cohort study

Overall

961 (100)

374 (38.9; 35.8–42.0)

8301 (100)

590 (7.1; 6.5–7.6)

Gender

Male

404 (42.0)

120 (29.7; 25.4–34.3)

3871 (46.6)

84 (2.1; 1.7–2.6)

Female

557 (57.9)

254 (45.6; 41.4–49.7)

4430 (53.3)

506 (11.4; 10.5–12.3)

p

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Age (years)

40–49

187 (19.4)

55 (29.4; 23.3–36.3)

4022 (48.4)

257 (6.3; 5.6–7.1)

50–59

333 (34.6)

120 (36.0; 31–41.3)

2492 (30.0)

182 (7.3; 6.3–8.3)

60 + 

441 (45.8)

199 (45.1; 40.5–49.8)

1787 (21.5)

151 (8.4; 7.2–9.8)

p

0.001

0.017

Age at diagnosis

Less than 40

63 (6.5)

14 (22.2; 13.6–34.1)

–

40–60

666 (69.3)

265 (39.7; 36.1–43.5)

Above 60

232 (24.1)

95 (40.9; 34.7–47.4)

p

0.018

Duration (years)

Less than 2

333 (34.8)

112 (33.6; 28.7–38.8)

–

3–5

347 (36.3)

144 (41.4; 36.4–46.7)

6 + 

275(28.8)

112(40.7; 35–46.6)

p

0.073

Education

Literate

330 (34.3)

115 (34.8; 29.8–40.1)

4394 (52.9)

285 (6.4; 5.7–7.2)

Illiterate

631 (65.6)

259 (41.0; 37.2–44.9)

3907 (47.0)

305 (7.8; 7.0–8.6)

p

0.061

0.019

Marital status

Not married

145 (15.1)

65 (44.8; 36.9–52.9)

904 (10.8)

81 (8.9; 7.2–11.0)

Married

815 (84.9)

309 (37.9; 34.6–41.3)

7395 (89.1)

508 (6.8; 6.3–7.4)

p

0.116

0.021

Ethnicity

Non-Fars

395 (41.1)

131 (33.1; 28.6–37.9)

3652 (43.9)

206 (5.6; 4.9–6.4)

Fars

566 (58.9)

243 (42.9; 38.9–47.0)

4649 (56.0)

384 (8.2; 7.5–9.0)

p

0.002

 < 0.001

Socio- economic status

Low

240 ( 25.0)

81 (33.7; 28.0–39.9)

2168 (26.2)

125 (5.7; 4.8–6.8)

Low–Middle

278 (28.9)

115 (41.3; 35.7–47.2)

2212 (26.74)

150 (6.7; 5.8–7.9)

Middle-High

204 (21.2)

87 (42.6; 36.0–49.5)

1839 (22.2)

137 (7.4; 6.3–8.7)

High

238 (24.7)

90 (37.8; 31.8–44.1)

2053 (24.8)

176 (8.5; 7.4–9.8)

p

0.194

0.004

BMI (kg/m²)

Normal weight

364 (37.8)

113 (31.0; 26.4–35.9)

3736 (45.0)

177 (4.7; 4.1–5.4)

Over weight

378 (39.3)

148 (39.1; 34.3–44.1)

3064 (36.9)

238 (7.7; 6.8–8.7)

Obese

219 (22.8)

113 (51.5; 44.9–58.1)

1501 (18.0)

175 (11.6; 10.1–13.3)

p

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Central obesity

Yes

859 (89.3)

357 (41.5; 38.3–44.8)

6606 (79.5)

545 (8.2; 7.6–8.9)

No

102 (10.6)

17 (16.6;10.6–25.1)

1695 (20.4)

45 (2.6; 1.9–3.5)

p

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Physical activity

Low

434 (45.1)

201 (46.3; 41.6–51.0)

2626 (31.6)

270 (10.2; 9.1–11.5)

Moderate

305 (31.7)

112 (36.7; 31.4 -42.2)

2751 (33.1)

210 (7.9; 6.6–8.6)

High

222 (23.1)

61 (27.4; 22.0–33.7)

2924 (35.2)

110 (3.7; 3.1–4.5)

p

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Tobacco use

Ever

465 (48.5)

203 (43.6; 39.2–48.2)

3072 (37.0)

269 (8.7; 7.8–9.8)

Never

492 (51.4)

169 (34.3; 30.2–38.6)

5217 (62.9)

320 (6.1; 5.5–6.8)

p

0.003

 < 0.001

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

Less than150

524 (54.5)

186 (35.4; 31.5–39.6)

5097 (61.4)

317 (6.2; 5.5–6.9)

150 and above

437 (45.4)

188 (43.0;38.4–47.7)

3204 (38.6)

273 (8.5; 7.6–9.5)

p

0.017

 < 0.001

Cholesterol (mg/dL)

Less than 200

554 (57.6)

232 (41.8; 37.8–46.0)

4774 (57.5)

323 (6.7; 6.0–7.5)

200 and above

407 (42.3)

142 (34.8; 30.4–39.6)

3527 (42.4)

267 (7.5; 6.7–8.4)

p

0.028

0.159

Abnormal LDL

No

460 (47.8)

215 (46.7; 42.2–51.3)

3556 (42.8)

262 (7.3; 6.5–8.2)

Yes

501 (52.1)

159 (31.7; 27.8–35.9)

4745 (57.1)

328 (6.9; 6.2–7.6)

p

 < 0.001

0.031

Abnormal HDL

No

808 (84.0)

314 (38.8; 35.5–42.2)

7123 (85.8)

526 (7.3; 6.7–8.0)

Yes

153 (15.9)

60 (39.2; 31.7–47.1)

1178 (14.2)

64 (5.4; 4.2–6.8)

p

0.934

0.016

Elevated FBS

No

714 (74.3)

247 (34.5; 31.1–38.1)

6918 (83.3)

413 (5.9; 5.4–6.5)

Yes

247 (25.7)

127 (51.4; 45.1–57.6)

1383 (16.6)

177 (12.7; 11.1–14.6)

p

 < 0.001

 < 0.001