Drug-related problems and its predictors among hospitalized heart failure patients at Jimma Medical Center, South West Ethiopia: prospective interventional study

Table 5 Bivariate and multivariate analysis of independent factors associated with DRPs among hospitalized heart failure patients at JMC from September 30, 2020, to May 28, 2021

Variable	DRP status		COR	p value	AOR	p value
Variable	Yes	No	COR	p value	AOR	p value
Sex (ref.female)	88 (56.1%)	34 (42.5%)	1.73 (1.00–2.97)	0.049	1.17 (0.56–2.45)	0.681
Age group
≤ 47	72 (45.9%)	34 (42.5%)
48–63	50 (31.8%)	21 (26.3%)	1.12 (0.59–2.16)	0.725	1.06 (0.49–2.29)	0.875
> 64	35 (22.3%)	25 (31.2%)	0.66 (0.34–1.27)	0.216	0.52 (0.24–1.12)	0.097
Residence (ref.no)	110 (70.1%)	61 (76.2%)	0.73 (0.39–1.35)	0.32
Cost coverage method
Insurance	49 (31.2%)	22 (27.5%)
Out of pocket	108 (68.8%)	58 (72.5%)	0.84 (0.46–1.52)	0.56
Khat chewing (ref.no)	50 (31.8%)	12 (15%)	2.65 (1.32–5.33)	0.006	3.25 (1.46–7.23)	0.004
Alcohol drinking (ref.no)	24 (15.3%)	7 (8.7%)	1.88 (0.77–4.58)	0.16	1.48 (0.49–4.41)	0.478
Cigarette smoking (ref.no)	28 (17.8%)	10 (12.5%)	1.52 (0.69–3.31)	0.29
NYHA Class
II	9 (5.7%)	4 (5%)
III	36 (22.9%)	22 (27.5%)	0.73 (0.20–2.65)	0.63
IV	112 (71.4%)	54 (67.5)	0.92 (0.27–3.13)	0.896
Patient type
Newly diagnosed HF	86 (54.8%)	48 (60)	0.81 (0.47–1.39)	0.443
Known HF	71 (45.2%)	32 (40)
Serum creatinine (> 1.2)	49 (31.2)	20 (25)	1.36 (0.74–2.50)	0.321
AST
> 40	38 (24.2%)	16 (20)	1.28 (0.66–2.47)	0.466
ALT
> 40	28 (17.8%)	15 (18.8%)	0.94 (0.46–1.91)	0.868
Comorbid condition (ref.no)	114 (72.6%)	32 (40%)	3.98 (2.25–7.02)	< 0.001	2.59 (1.35–4.96)	0.004
Medication number
< 5 medications	38 (24.2%)	48 (60%)
≥ 5 medications	119 (75.8%)	32 (40)	4.69 (2.64–8.37)	< 0.001	2.94 (1.54–5.61)	0.001
Hospital stay
< 18 days	72 (45.9)	61 (76.1)
≥ 18 days	85 (54.1)	19 (23.7)	3.79 (2.07–6.93)	< 0.001	3.77 (1.93–7.37)	< 0.001

ISSN: 1471-2261