Table 2 Clinical characteristics and laboratory investigation among hospitalized heart failure patients at JMC
Variables | Frequency (%) |
|---|---|
Patient type | Â |
 Newly diagnosed HF patients | 134 (56.5) |
 Known HF patients | 103 (43.5) |
NYHA Class | Â |
 II | 13 (5.5) |
 III | 58 (24.5) |
 IV | 166 (70) |
Etiology of heart failure | Â |
 IHD | 94 (39.7) |
 CRVHD | 56 (23.6) |
 CMP | 51 (21.5) |
 HHD | 23 (9.7) |
 Others* | 13 (5.5) |
Comorbid condition | 146 (61.6) |
 Anemia | 43 (29.5) |
 Atrial fibrillation | 41 (28.1) |
 Hypertension | 36 (24.7) |
 Chronic kidney disease | 25 (17.1) |
 Acute kidney injury | 24 (16.4) |
 Diabetes mellitus | 21 (14.4) |
 Thrombosis | 15 (10.3) |
 Others** | 33 (22.6) |
Number of comorbidity | Â |
 1 | 90 (61.6) |
 ≥ 2 | 56 (38.4) |
 Hospital stay (mean ± SD) | 18.3 ± 8.8 |
 < 18 | 133 (56.1) |
 ≥ 18 | 104 (43.9) |
Serum electrolyte | Â |
Potassium | Â |
 < 3.5 mmol/l | 25 (12.8) |
 > 5.5 mmol/l | 51 (26.2) |
 3.5–5.5 mmol/l | 119 (61) |
 Sodium (< 135 mmol/l) | 69 (35.4) |
 135–147 mmol/l | 126 (64.6) |
Renal function test | Â |
 Serum creatinine (mg/dl) (> 1.2) | 69 (29.6) |
 (0.34–1.2) | 126 (70.4) |
Vital sign | Â |
 Systolic blood pressure (mmhg) (≥ 130) | 33 (13.9) |
 Diastolic blood pressure (mmhg) (≥ 80) | 29 (12.2) |
 Heart rate (bpm) (≥ 100) | 46 (19.4) |
 (60–100) | 191 (80.6) |
Ejection fraction (%) | Â |
 ≤ 40 | 104 (54.5) |
 41–49 | 23 (12) |
 ≥ 50 | 64 (33.5) |
Coagulation profile | Â |
 INR (< 2) | 49 (85.9) |
 (2–3) | 8 (14.1) |
 Prothrombin time (< 25) | 50 (87.7) |
 (25–50) | 7 (12.3) |
Liver function test | Â |
 AST (≥ 40) | 54 (26.1) |
 < 40 | 153 (73.9) |
 ALT (≥ 40) | 43 (20.8) |
 < 40 | 164 (79.2) |
Complete blood count | Â |
 White blood cell (< 4.5) | 37 (16) |
 4.5–11 | 175 (75.8) |
 > 11 | 19 (8.2) |
 Hemoglobin, g/dl (≤ 8) | 18 (7.8) |
 > 8 | 213 (92.2) |
 Platelet (< 150) | 36 (15.6) |
 150–450 | 195 (84.4) |