Myocardial injury and inflammatory response in percutaneous device closures of pediatric patent ductus arteriosus

Table 1 Clinical features of the research groups

Item	Group A n = 79	Group B n = 76	Group C n = 75	Group D n = 77	Group E n = 78	F/H/X²	P
Age (months)	24.22 ± 10.66	23.33 ± 13.85	25.39 ± 13.39	28.25 ± 12.44	27.83 ± 12.37	2.307	0.058
Male, n (%)	41 (51.9)	39(51.3)	46 (61.3)	42(54.5)	45(57.7)	7.558	0.505
Body height (cm)	88.7 (85.0,94.3)	88.9(84.3,94.8)	87.5 (85.2,94.6)	88.8(86.0,96.0)	88.5(84.2,95.8)	1.527	0.588
Weight (kg)	12.56 ± 1.73	12.90 ± 2.81	12.43 ± 2.37	13.29 ± 2.42	12.65 ± 2.07	1.703	0.149
Cardiothoracic ratio	0.55 ± 0.03	0.54 ± 0.03	0.54 ± 0.02	0.55 ± 0.02	0.55 ± 0.02	0.102	0.982
Pulmonary artery pressure (mm Hg)	34.13 ± 6.31	34.08 ± 4.03	33.81 ± 4.57	33.24 ± 3.68	33.83 ± 3.00	0.481	0.750
Width of PDA (mm)	4.17 ± 1.30	4.23 ± 1.06	4.44 ± 1.42	4.55 ± 1.19	4.55 ± 0.61	1.895	0.111
Heart rate (bpm)	102 (95,110)	100(94,118)	105 (94,119)	100(95,116)	98(100,119)	0.998	0.896
Baseline SaO₂ (%)	98 ± 2	97 ± 3	98 ± 2	98 ± 2	97 ± 3	0.223	0.892
History of pneumonia^a, n (%)	4 (5.1)	6(7.9)	6 (8.0)	4(5.2)	4(5.1)	8.044	0.300
LVEF, %	58 (50; 68)	59 (54; 69)	60 (52; 69)	59 (52; 63)	58 (52; 65)	1.699	0.408
Hb (g/dL)	12.5 (10.3,13.5)	13.2(10.8,13.8)	12.5 (11.0,13.7)	12.0(11.2,13.5)	12.1(11.0,13.6)	2.847	0.221
Serum creatinine (µmol/L)	12 (8,13)	13(9,18)	12 (9,19)	15(10,18)	11(10,15)	1.756	0.502

PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; Hb, hemoglobin
Group A: ligation; Group B: clamping; Group C: ligation combined with suturing; Group D: ligation combined with clamping groups; Group E: device group. P, variables of patients among the five groups (group A, B, C, D, E). Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviations (SD), median (first quartile, third quartile) or number (%). One-way analysis of variance or Kruskal–Wallis rank sum test for continuous variables and Chi-square or Fisher test for categorical variables (with the statistics F, H, or X²)
^aDefined as positive result in sputum culture requiring anti-infection treatment, or chest roentgenogram diagnosing pneumonia before cardiac surgery

ISSN: 1471-2261