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Table 4 Sociodemographic and clinical covariates in bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis among T2DM in selected Referral Hospitals in Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2021 (n = 258)

From: Patterns and associated factors of electrocardiographic abnormality among type 2 diabetic patients in Amhara National Regional State Referral Hospitals, Ethiopia: a multicenter institution-based cross-sectional study

Variables

ECG abnormality

COR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

Yes (%)

No (%)

Age in years

63.6±9.8

51±12.2

1.10 (1.07, 1.12)

1.02 (0.98, 1.07)

Residence

Urban

74 (37.9)

121 (62.1)

1

1

Rural

42 (66.7)

21 (33.3)

3.27 (1.80, 5.95)

2.76 (0.991, 7.68)

Current marital status

Married

74 (39.4)

114 (60.6)

1

1

Unmarried

42 (60)

28 (40)

2.31 (1.32, 4.05)

0.55 (0.20, 1.53)

Educational status

No formal education

58 (61.7)

36 (38.3)

3.19 (1.86, 5.46)

0.96 (0.24, 3.87)

10 and 2nd education

8 (53.3)

7 (46.7)

2.26 (0.78, 6.60)

3.50 (0.67, 18.20)

College and above

50 (33.6)

99 (66.4)

1

1

Monthly income in USD

 < 50$

69 (71.1)

28 (28.9)

1

1

50–90$

17 (53.1)

15 (46.9)

0.46 (0.2, 1.04)

0.25 (0.08–0.43)

 > 90$

30 (23.3)

99 (76.7)

0.12 (0.07, 0.22)

0.51 [0.31, 0.83])*

Monthly income in USD

$82±56

$137±6

0.35 (0.26, 0 .47)

0.41(0.31, 0 .83)*

Occupation

Employed

43 (35.2)

79 (64.8)

1

1

Unemployed

73 (53.7)

63 (46.3)

2.13 (1.29, 3.52)

0.58 (0.17, 2.00)

Regular exercise

Yes

7 (16.7)

35 (83.3)

1

1

No

109 (50.5)

107 (49.5)

5.09 (2.17,11.97)

0.97 (0.29, 3.30)

Duration of DM in (years)

 < 2

11 (15.1)

62 (84.9)

1

1

2–5

20 (31.3)

44 (68.7)

2.56 (1.12, 5.88)

3.05 (0.93, 9.96)

6–10

39 (60.9)

25 (39.1)

8.79 (3.89, 19.85)

2.42 (0.93, 9.96)

 > 10

46 (80.7)

11(19.3)

23.6 (9.4, 59.06)

4.5 (1.05, 18.94)*

Body mass index kg/m2

 < 25

32 (24.1)

101 (75.9)

1

1

25 and above

84 (67.2)

41 (32.8)

6.5 (3.75, 11.16)

2.65 (1.17, 5.98)**

Type of DM drug

No medication

7 (58.3)

5 (41.7)

1

1

Oral only

99 (47.8)

108 (52.2)

0.15 (0.02, 1.23)

0.07 (0.002, 1.88)

Insulin only

6 (21.4)

22 (78.6)

0.05 (0.005, 0.45)

0.04 (0.001, 1.31)

Oral and insulin

6 (54.5)

5 (45.5)

0.17 (0.009, 2.98)

0.04 (0.0006, 2.56)

FBS

 < 130 mg/dl

14 (14.3)

84 (85.7)

1

1

≥130 mg/dl

102 (63.8)

58 (36.2)

10.6 (5.50, 20.24)

5.01 (2.13, 12.20)***

HTN

Yes

84 (77.1)

25 (22.9)

12.3 (6.79 22.24)

3.9 (1.6, 9.40)**

No

32 (21.5)

117 (79.5)

1

1

  1. HTN hypertension, FBS fasting blood sugar, ISH isolated systolic hypertension, 1 = constant
  2. Hosmer Lemeshow Goodness of fit p = 0.31
  3. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p = 0.001