Table 3 Patterns of ECG abnormalities among T2DM in selected Referral Hospitals in Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia, 2021 (n = 258)

ECG abnormality

Abnormal

116

44.96 (39, 51)

Normal

142

55.04 (48.9, 61)

Heart rate pattern

Normal

221

85.66 (80.8, 89.5)

Bradycardia

13

5.04 (2.9, 8.5)

Tachycardia

24

9.30 (6.3, 13.5)

Arrhythmia

Present

38

14.73 (10.9, 19.6)

Absent

220

85.27 (80.4, 89.1)

Types of arrhythmia

Atrial flutter

9

33.3 (17.5, 54.0)

Atrial fibrillation

14

51.9 (32.5, 70.1)

PVCs

4

14.8 (5.3, 35)

P wave duration

Normal

255

98.84 (96.4, 99.6)

Short

1

0.39 (0.05, 2.7)

Prolonged

2

0.78 (0.1, 3.0)

T wave abnormality

Normal

199

77.13 (72.8, 82.9)

Inverted

38

14.73 (10.9, 19.6)

Flattened

15

5.81 (3.2, 9.0)

Peaked

4

1.55 (0.5, 4.0)

QRS wave duration

Normal

242

93.80 (91.0, 96.8)

Short

4

1.55 (0.4, 3.6)

Prolonged

12

4.65 (2.4, 7.6)

R wave progression

Normal

241

93.4 (91.1, 97.2)

Poor

17

6.6 (3.2, 8.4)

PR interval

Normal

242

93.80 (90, 96)

Prolonged

16

6.20 (3.8, 9.9)

QT interval

Normal

246

95.35 (92, 97)

Short

4

1.55 (0.5, 4.0)

Prolonged

8

3.10 (1.6, 6.10)

ST-segment

Normal

240

93.02 (89, 95.6)

Depressed

17

6.59 (4.1, 10.4)

Elevated

1

0.39 (0.05, 2.7)

Left atrial hypertrophy

Yes

2

0.78 (0.2, 3.1)

No

256

99.22 (97.99.8)

RAH

Yes

3

1.2 (0.3, 3.6)

No

255

98.8 (96.4, 99.6)

LVH

Yes

7

2.71 (1.3, 5.6)

No

251

97.29 (94.4, 98.7)

RVH

Yes

1

0.39 (0.05, 2.7)

No

257

99.61 (97.0, 99.9)

Possible myocardial ischemia

Yes

10

3.88 (2.1, 7.0)

No

248

96.12 (93, 98)

Possible MI

Yes

8

3.10 (1.6, 6.1)

No

250

96.90 (93.9, 98.4)

Axis deviation

Normal

220

85.27 (80, 89)

Left axis deviation

36

13.95 (10.1, 18.8)

Right axis deviation

2

0.78 (0.2, 31)

Bundle branch block

No

244

94.57 (91, 96.8)

RBBB

5

1.94 (0.8, 4.6)

LBBB

9

3.49 (1.8, 6.6)

Fascicular block

No

232

89.92 (85.6, 93)

LAFB

22

8.53 (5.7, 12.6)

LPFB

1

0.39 (0.05, 2.7)

BIFB

3

1.16 (0,4, 3.6)