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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of study population

From: The pre-ablation triglyceride-glucose index predicts late recurrence of atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency ablation in non-diabetic adults

Parameters

Overall population

(n = 275)

Late AF recurrence (+)

(n = 70)

Late AF recurrence (−)

(n = 205)

P value

Age, years (SD)

57.32 ± 9.57

64.38 ± 8.04

55.07 ± 8.93

p < 0.001

Male, sex, n (%)

191 (69.4%)

53 (75.7%)

138 (67.3%)

p = 0.092

Paroxysmal AF, n (%)

195 (70.9%)

46 (65.7%)

149 (72.7%)

p = 0.080

Persistent AF, n (%)

80 (29.1%)

24 (34.3%)

56 (27.3%)

p = 0.030

Long-standing Pers AF, n (%)

32 (11.6%)

15 (21.4%)

17 (8.3%)

p = 0.010

AF duration, months (SD)

63.03 ± 60.25

79.43 ± 65.7

60.20 ± 58.27

p = 0.040

BMI, kg/m2

25.7 ± 2.9

25.9 ± 2.6

25.4 ± 3.0

p = 0.144

CAD history, n (%)

36 (13.1%)

11 (15.7%)

25 (12.2%)

p = 0.063

SAS history, n (%)

37 (13.5%)

11 (15.7%)

26 (12.7%)

p = 0.515

Hypertension, n (%)

139 (50.5%)

44 (62.8%)

95 (46.3%)

p = 0.020

Previous stroke/TIA, n (%)

13 (4.7%)

3 (4.3%)

10 (4.9%)

p = 0.070

Amiodarone use, n (%)

74 (26.9%)

38 (54.3%)

36 (17.6%)

p = 0.010

Alcohol intake, n (%)

62 (22.5%)

19 (27.1%)

43 (21.0%)

p = 0.090

Current smoking, n (%)

79 (28.7%)

20 (28.6%)

59 (28.8%)

p = 0.345

Echocardiography

 LA diameter (AP), mm

38.4 ± 4.68

42.4 ± 4.60

37.7 ± 4.10

p = 0.001

 LVEF (%)

63.90 ± 5.2

63.66 ± 5.0

64.20 ± 5.2

p = 0.907

Laboratory findings

 NT-proBNP, pg/mL

271 ± 254

483 ± 411

237 ± 205

p = 0.005

hs-CRP, mg/L

2.29 (1.57–3.15)

3.58 (1.75–5.27)

2.15 (1.47–2.90)

p < 0.001

 Uric acid,umol/L

340.8 ± 82.8

349.2 ± 79.6

339 ± 81.5

p = 0.356

 HCy, μmol/L

17.8 ± 2.3

18.3 ± 2.5

16.9 ± 1.9

p = 0.068

 FPG (mmol/L)

5.5 (5.1–6.2)

6.0 (5.4–6.4)

5.1 (4.7–5.8)

p = 0.008

 HbA1C, %

5.1 ± 0.2

5.1 ± 0.3

5.1 ± 0.1

p = 0.352

 TC, mmol/L

4.33 ± 1.03

4.35 ± 1.05

4.31 ± 1.01

p = 0.125

 Non-HDL, mmol/L

3.13 ± 1.05

3.15 ± 1.09

3.11 ± 1.03

p = 0.218

 LDL-C, mmol/L

2.31 ± 0.43

2.50 ± 0.32

2.20 ± 0.50

p = 0.108

 HDL-C, mmol/L

1.21 ± 0.30

1.23 ± 0.40

1.18 ± 0.22

p = 0.125

 TG, mmol/L

1.78 (1.32–2.29)

2.65 (2.09–3.52)

1.65 (1.15–2.18)

p = 0.006

 Creatinine, μmol/L

79.5 ± 15.7

81.7 ± 15.0

78.7 ± 15.9

P = 0.533

 TyG index

8.87 ± 0.8

9.42 ± 0.6

8.68 ± 0.70

p < 0.001

Clinical scoring point

 EHRA score

2 (1–3)

2 (1–3)

2 (1–3)

p = 0.236

 CHA2DS2-VASc score

1 (0–2)

2 (1–3)

1 (0–2)

p = 0.020

 HAS-BLED score

1 (0–1)

1 (0–1)

1 (0–1)

p = 0.219

 DR-FLASH score

2 (1–2)

3 (2–4)

1 (1–2)

p = 0.010

 APPLE score

1 (0–1)

2 (1–3)

1 (0–1)

p = 0.010

 Early recurrence

75 (27%)

49 (70%)

26 (12.7%)

p = 0.001

  1. Data were expressed as mean ± SD, median with 25th and 75th percentile or n (%)
  2. AF atrial fibrillation, BMI body mass index, NT-proBNP N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide, HCy homocysteine, HbA1C glycosylated hemoglobin, CAD coronary artery disease, SAS sleep apnea syndrome, TC total cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG triglycerides, FPG fasting plasma glucose, TyG index triglyceride-glucose index, hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, LAD left atrial diameter, TIA transient ischemic attack, Early recurrence atrial arrhythmia recurrence within three-month blanking period. EHRA score EHRA symptom score suggested by European Heart Rhythm Association. HAS-BLED score hypertension, abnormal liver/renal function, stroke, bleeding history or predisposition, labile INR, elderly, drugs/alcohol concomitantly