Table 1 Baseline characteristics
Characteristic | No HF | HFrEF | HFpEF | Unclassified HF | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender (male) | 3012 (46.5) | 101 (69.2) | 75 (49.7) | 25 (59.5) | < 0.001 |
Agea | 62.0 (17.0) | 68.0 (15.0) | 70.0 (12.0) | 70.5 (11.0) | < 0.001 |
BMIa | 27.5 (6.7) | 28.7 (7.1) | 28.9 (8.6) | 28.5 (8.4) | < 0.001 |
Race | 0.001 | ||||
Caucasian | 2484 (38.4) | 58 (39.7) | 66 (43.7) | 14 (33.3) | 0.001 |
Hispanic | 1425 (22.0) | 25 (17.1) | 36 (23.8) | 10 (23.8) | |
African American | 1786 (27.6) | 60 (41.1) | 34 (22.5) | 12 (28.6) | |
Chinese | 780 (12.0) | 3 (2.1) | 15 (9.9) | 6 (14.3) | |
Education (≤ 12 years) | 2318 (35.9) | 54 (37.2) | 72 (47.7) | 17 (40.5) | 0.026 |
Weighta | 169.5 (51.0) | 186.9 (54.3) | 180.0 (47.8) | 183.4 (72.4) | < 0.001 |
Seated systolic blood pressure (mmHg)a | 123.0 (28.5) | 133.8 (32.1) | 135.5 (31.5) | 140.0 (33.1) | < 0.001 |
Seated diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)a | 71.5 (13.5) | 73.5 (18.0) | 72.0 (12.5) | 71.8 (14.6) | 0.083 |
Pack-years of cigarette smokinga | 0.0 (15.0) | 5.0 (22.0) | 2.4 (21.5) | 5.1 (39.3) | 0.002 |
Drinks per week (current and former drinkers)a | 2.0 (6.0) | 2.0 (7.0) | 2.5 (7.0) | 4.5 (11.0) | 0.015 |
Hypertension medication | 2333 (36.0) | 83 (56.8) | 94 (62.3) | 26 (61.9) | < 0.001 |
Insulin or oral hypoglycemics for diabetes | 611 (9.5) | 33 (22.9) | 35 (23.5) | 9 (21.4) | < 0.001 |
Any lipid-lowering medication | 1035 (16.0) | 32 (21.9) | 26 (17.2) | 7 (16.7) | 0.279 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)a | 192.0 (44.0) | 190.0 (48.0) | 185.0 (48.0) | 195.0 (38.0) | 0.191 |
HDL-C (mg/dl)a | 48.0 (19.0) | 44.0 (19.0) | 47.0 (16.0) | 45.0 (23.0) | 0.018 |
Urinary albumin/creatinine (mg/g)a | 5.2 (7.2) | 8.5 (26.4) | 8.4 (37.2) | 8.5 (35.3) | < 0.001 |
Exam 1 (calibrated cr) eGFR using CKD-EPI equationa | 78.2 (21.7) | 73.8 (27.3) | 71.9 (24.9) | 71.0 (24.6) | < 0.001 |
Interleukin-2 (pg/ml)a | 895.0 (422.0) | 1033.0 (459.0) | 1133.5 (592.0) | 1113.0 (617.0) | < 0.001 |
Matrix metalloproteinase 3 (ng/mL)a | 11.6 (10.1) | 18.3 (14.4) | 15.4 (14.5) | 19.7 (17.1) | 0.011 |
Large LDL-C 20.5–23 nm (nmol/L) from NMR LipoProfile3 Spectral Analysisa | 596.0 (342.0) | 539.0 (392.0) | 547.0 (384.0) | 626.5 (451.0) | 0.025 |
Medium HDL-C 8.2–9.4 nm (μmol/L) from NMR LipoProfile3 Spectral Analysisa | 12.5 (8.5) | 10.8 (7.9) | 12.0 (9.0) | 12.1 (8.4) | 0.002 |
Time to classifying event or follow-up time for patients with No HF (days)a | 5110 (753) | 2335 (2712) | 2870 (2253) | 1787 (3115) | < 0.001 |