Table 2 Baseline characteristics of patients with heart failure
From: Cardiopulmonary ultrasound correlates of pleural effusions in patients with congestive heart failure
Variable | With pleural effusion N = 102 | Without pleural effusion N = 66 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 67.37 ± 14.08 | 60.58 ± 12.47 | 0.006 |
Men (n, %) | 69, 67.6% | 48, 72.7% | 0.484 |
Etiology of heart failure | |||
Coronary artery disease | 82 | 46 | 0.112 |
Hypertension | 5 | 6 | 0.452 |
Dilated cardiomyopathy | 8 | 9 | 0.224 |
Myocarditis | 3 | 1 | |
Autoimmunity cardiomyopathy | 1 | 1 | |
Noncompaction of ventricular myocardium | 0 | 2 | |
Alcoholic cardiomyopathy | 3 | 0 | |
Hyperthyroid cardiopathy | 0 | 1 | |
Body surface area (m2) | 1.78 ± 0.18 | 1.78 ± 0.11 | 0.95 |
NYHA class III–IV (n, %) | 72, 70.6% | 8, 12.1% | < 0.001 |
NT-proBNP (pg/ml) | 9725.00 (3425.00–15,467.00) | 1178.50 (682.49–3735.50) | < 0.001 |
ULCs | 9.50 (7.00–11.00) | 0.00 (0.00–4.50) | < 0.001 |
Echocardiographic data | |||
LVEF (%) | 35.62 ± 8.05 | 40.99 ± 8.16 | 0.002 |
SPAP (mmHg) | 44.23 ± 9.25 | 28.85 ± 8.38 | < 0.001 |
LAindex (ml/m2) | 43.68 ± 12.82 | 33.12 ± 15.78 | < 0.001 |
MR | < 0.001 | ||
None | 1 | 11 | |
Mild | 40 | 47 | |
Moderate | 44 | 6 | |
Severe | 17 | 2 | |
E/A | 2.03 ± 1.19 | 1.26 ± 0.82 | < 0.001 |
Average E/e′ | 19.90 ± 8.24 | 13.76 ± 5.52 | < 0.001 |
LV diastolic function | < 0.001 | ||
Grade I | 10 | 27 | |
Grade II | 46 | 29 | |
Grade III | 46 | 10 | |
TAPSE (mm) | 17.73 ± 4.05 | 19.61 ± 4.22 | 0.034 |
RAP | < 0.001 | ||
< 5 mmHg | 55 | 56 | |
5–10 mmHg | 27 | 9 | |
10–20 mmHg | 20 | 1 | |
RV (mm) | 35.25 ± 5.28 | 32.48 ± 4.11 | 0.003 |
LVEDD (mm) | 59.27 ± 7.11 | 60.17 ± 7.17 | 0.534 |
LVEDVindex (ml/m2) | 71.29 ± 26.09 | 60.10 ± 20.71 | 0.871 |