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Table 3 Effect of resveratrol supplementation on indices in patients with type 2 diabetes

From: Effect of resveratrol supplementation on hepatic steatosis and cardiovascular indices in overweight subjects with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial

Indices

Intervention

Control

Pa

Pb

Pc

Pd

Male (n = 20)

Female (n = 15)

Total (n = 35)

Male (n = 20)

Female (n = 16)

Total (n = 36)

    

LAP

 Baseline

53.37 ± 24.4

83.13 ± 44.1

65.62 ± 36.5

50.74 ± 22.0

61.68 ± 36.1

55.74 ± 29.4

0.72

0.15

0.21

 

 After intervention

50.83 ± 25.3

80.76 ± 40.3

63.16 ± 35.1

50.08 ± 21.9

65.60 ± 41.4

57.17 ± 32.7

0.92

0.32

0.46

 

 P

0.39

0.79

0.54

0.81

0.36

0.55

    

 Mean change of LAP

− 2.54 ± 12.2

− 2.37 ± 34.0

− 2.46 ± 23.3

− 0.65 ± 12.0

3.92 ± 16.8

1.43 ± 14.3

0.63

0.51

0.40

0.43

VAI

 Baseline

2.36 ± 1.1

4.62 ± 2.0

3.29 ± 1.9

2.08 ± 0.9

2.96 ± 1.4

2.48 ± 1.2

0.40

0.01

0.04

 

 After intervention

2.15 ± 1.1

4.32 ± 1.8

3.04 ± 1.8

1.99 ± 0.8

3.01 ± 1.5

2.46 ± 1.2

0.62

0.04

0.12

 

 P

0.01

0.52

0.20

0.39

0.77

0.82

    

 Mean change of VAI

− 0.21 ± 0.3

− 0.30 ± 1.7

− 0.25 ± 1.1

− 0.09 ± 0.4

0.05 ± 0.7

− 0.02 ± 0.6

0.39

0.45

0.30

0.47

CRI-I

 Baseline

3.89 ± 1.0

4.39 ± 0.9

4.09 ± 1.0

3.92 ± 1.0

4.45 ± 1.2

4.17 ± 1.1

0.92

0.86

0.78

 

 After intervention

3.64 ± 1.0

4.12 ± 1.1

3.84 ± 1.0

3.87 ± 1.0

4.33 ± 1.2

4.08 ± 1.1

0.49

0.65

0.38

 

 P

0.31

0.29

0.14

0.68

0.36

0.35

    

 Mean change of CRI-I

− 0.25 ± 1.0

− 0.27 ± 0.8

− 0.25 ± 0.9

− 0.05 ± 0.5

− 0.12 ± 0.5

− 0.09 ± 0.5

0.49

0.62

0.39

0.79

CRI-II

 Baseline

2.32 ± 0.8

2.40 ± 0.9

2.35 ± 0.9

2.12 ± 0.9

2.78 ± 1.4

2.42 ± 1.2

0.50

0.41

0.79

 

 After intervention

2.07 ± 0.8

2.20 ± 1.3

2.12 ± 1.0

2.07 ± 1.0

2.69 ± 1.2

2.36 ± 1.1

0.98

0.31

0.40

 

 P

0.20

0.34

0.10

0.74

0.58

0.53

    

 Mean change of CRI-II

− 0.25 ± 0.8

− 0.20 ± 0.7

− 0.23 ± 0.7

− 0.05 ± 0.6

− 0.09 ± 0.6

− 0.06 ± 0.6

0.38

0.69

0.34

0.38

AC

 Baseline

2.89 ± 1.0

3.39 ± 0.9

3.09 ± 1.0

2.92 ± 1.0

3.45 ± 1.2

3.17 ± 1.1

0.92

0.86

0.78

 

 After intervention

2.64 ± 1.0

3.12 ± 1.1

2.84 ± 1.0

2.87 ± 1.0

3.33 ± 1.2

3.08 ± 1.1

0.49

0.65

0.38

 

 P

0.31

0.29

0.14

0.68

0.36

0.35

    

 Mean change of AC

− 0.25 ± 1.0

− 0.27 ± 0.8

− 0.25 ± 0.9

− 0.05 ± 0.5

− 0.12 ± 0.5

− 0.09 ± 0.5

0.49

0.62

0.39

0.79

  1. Values of total CRI-I, CRI-II and AC were presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD), while for LAP and VAI were presented as median and quartile range
  2. LAP: lipid accumulation product; VAI: visceral adiposity index; CRI: Castelli risk index; AC: atherogenic coefficient
  3. P: resulted from comparisons within groups by paired t-test
  4. Pa: resulted from comparisons between two groups (males) by independent t-test
  5. Pb: resulted from comparisons between two groups (females) by independent t-test
  6. Pc: resulted from comparisons between two groups (total) by independent t-test
  7. Pd: resulted from comparisons mean changes of variables between two groups after adjusting for medications, diabetes duration, energy intake and physical activity by univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)