Short-term/long-term prognosis with or without beta-blockers in patients without heart failure and with preserved ejection fraction after acute myocardial infarction: a multicenter retrospective cohort study

Table 3 Association of beta-blockers with outcomes in the long-term

Events	Discharged with beta-blockers (N = 2049)	Discharged without beta-blockers (N = 470)	P value
All-cause mortality
No. of patients with event^a	166/2049 (8.1%)	39/470 (8.3%)
Unadjusted HR (95% CI)	0.87 (0.61–1.23)	1.00 (ref)	0.430
Adjusted HR (95% CI)^a	1.17 (0.70–1.94)	1.00 (ref)	0.547
Rehospitalization for any reason
No. of patients with event	718/2008 (35.8%)	192/465 (41.3%)
Unadjusted HR (95% CI)	0.76 (0.65–0.90)	1.00 (ref)	< 0.001
Adjusted HR (95% CI)	0.94 (0.73–1.20)	1.00 (ref)	0.605
Cardiac death
No. of patients with event	100/2049 (4.9%)	24/470 (5.1%)
Unadjusted HR (95% CI)	0.85 (0.55–1.33)	1.00 (ref)	0.485
Adjusted HR (95%CI)	1.36 (0.80–2.33)	1.00 (ref)	0.254
Recurrent myocardial infarction
No. of patients with event	76/2042 (3.7%)	20/470 (4.3%)
Unadjusted HR (95% CI)	0.80 (0.49–1.31)	1.00 (ref)	0.381
Adjusted HR (95%CI)	1.11 (0.61–2.03)	1.00 (ref)	0.735
Rehospitalization for heart failure
No. of patients with event	124/2046 (6.1%)	25/470 (5.3%)
Unadjusted HR (95% CI)	1.06 (0.69–1.62)	1.00 (ref)	0.808
Adjusted HR (95% CI)	1.63 (0.98–2.70)	1.00 (ref)	0.073
MACE
No. of patients with event	230/2040 (11.3%)	53/470 (11.3%)
Unadjusted HR (95% CI)	0.91 (0.68–1.23)	1.00 (ref)	0.549
Adjusted HR (95%CI)	1.35 (0.93–1.98)	1.00 (ref)	0.116

This study analyzed the relationship between beta-blockers and long-term outcomes. Univariate Cox analysis and propensity score IPTW corrected was performed (N = 2519)
AMI, acute myocardial infarction; LVEF, left ventricular ejection infraction; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular events; HR, hazard ratio; ref, reference
^aCorrection was performed using propensity score inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW), included variables were sex, age, time of onset, LVEF, type of myocardial infarction, admission heart rate, admission systolic blood pressure, admission diastolic blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), site of myocardial infarction, Killip ≥ II, history of hypertension, history of diabetes mellitus, history of chronic kidney disease, history of coronary artery disease (CAD), family history of CAD, history of stroke, history of peripheral vascular disease, history of hyperlipidemia, history of smoking, history of tumor, atrial fibrillation, coronary angiography, PTCA therapy, PCI therapy, thrombolytic therapy, type of PCI, timely reperfusion therapy, total reperfusion therapy, CKMB, TnI, HbA1c, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, eGFR, LDL-c, cardiac aneurysm, anticoagulants, aspirin, clopidogrel/ticagrelor, dual antiplatelet therapy, statins, ACEI/ARB/ARNI

ISSN: 1471-2261