Table 1 Characteristics of hospitalized heart failure patients between 2008 and 2013 in Thailand
Parameter | Year | P-value for trend | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | ||
HF hospitalizations, n | 61,594 | 67,961 | 67,654 | 78,488 | 78,990 | 80,246 | – |
Age, mean (SD), y | 64.4 (14.6) | 64.6 (14.5) | 66.0 (14.5) | 65.2 (14.5) | 64.9 (14.7) | 65.2 (14.6) | 0.180 |
Age groups, n (%), years | |||||||
18–39 | 3761 (6.1) | 4024 (5.9) | 3812 (5.6) | 4355 (5.5) | 4667 (5.9) | 4460 (5.6) | 0.004 |
40–59 | 17,121 (27.8) | 18,737 (27.6) | 18,309 (27.1) | 20,885 (26.6) | 21,384 (27.1) | 21,437 (26.7) | 0.001 |
60–79 | 31,958 (51.9) | 35,284 (51.9) | 35,179 (52.0) | 40,798 (52.0) | 40,246 (51.0) | 41,101 (51.2) | 0.019 |
≥ 80 | 8754 (14.2) | 9916 (14.6) | 10,354 (15.3) | 12,450 (15.9) | 12,693 (16.1) | 13,248 (16.5) | < 0.001 |
Female | 36,141 (58.7) | 40,051 (58.9) | 39,508 (58.4) | 45,465 (57.9) | 45,198 (57.2) | 46,285 (57.7) | < 0.001 |
Insurance scheme, n (%) | |||||||
UCS | 56,966 (92.5) | 62,684 (92.2) | 62,180 (91.9) | 72,101 (91.9) | 72,279 (91.5) | 73,866 (92.0) | < 0.001 |
CSMBS | 2281 (3.7) | 2797 (4.1) | 2721 (4.0) | 3000 (3.8) | 2825 (3.6) | 2501 (3.1) | < 0.001 |
SSO | 2347 (3.8) | 2480 (3.6) | 2753 (4.1) | 3387 (4.3) | 3886 (4.9) | 3879 (4.8) | < 0.001 |
Comorbidities, n (%)a | |||||||
Prior HF | 28,308 (46.0) | 32,291 (47.5) | 31,765 (47.0) | 37,738 (48.1) | 38,006 (48.1) | 38,112 (47.5) | < 0.001 |
Prior MI | 5881 (9.5) | 6944 (10.2) | 7188 (10.6) | 8760 (11.2) | 8986 (11.4) | 8963 (11.2) | < 0.001 |
CAD | 23,293 (37.8) | 26,067 (38.4) | 25,761 (38.1) | 29,806 (38.0) | 29,953 (37.9) | 29,917 (37.3) | 0.04 |
Non-rheumatic VHD | 9452 (15.3) | 10,862 (16.0) | 10,649 (15.7) | 12,641 (16.1) | 12,732 (16.1) | 13,343 (16.6) | < 0.001 |
Rheumatic VHD | 6794 (11.0) | 7413 (10.9) | 7025 (10.4) | 7989 (10.2) | 7702 (9.8) | 7696 (9.6) | < 0.001 |
Cardiomyopathy and myocarditis | 4347 (7.1) | 5090 (7.5) | 5185 (7.7) | 6418 (8.2) | 6984 (8.8) | 7557 (9.4) | < 0.001 |
Congenital heart disease | 760 (1.2) | 866 (1.3) | 790 (1.2) | 862 (1.1) | 769 (1.0) | 869 (1.1) | < 0.001 |
AF/AFL | 13,830 (22.5) | 15,818 (23.3) | 15,902 (23.5) | 19,127 (24.4) | 19,079 (24.2) | 19,944 (24.9) | < 0.001 |
Conduction abnormality | 2441 (4.0) | 2771 (4.1) | 2799 (4.1) | 3273 (4.2) | 3366 (4.3) | 3516 (4.4) | < 0.001 |
Ischemic stroke | 2328 (3.8) | 2670 (3.9) | 2758 (4.1) | 3439 (4.4) | 3467 (4.4) | 3567 (4.4) | < 0.001 |
Other CVDs | 2042 (3.3) | 2483 (3.7) | 2496 (3.7) | 3151 (4.0) | 3251 (4.1) | 3364 (4.2) | < 0.001 |
PAD and disease of aorta | 359 (0.6) | 411 (0.6) | 417 (0.6) | 462 (0.6) | 509 (0.6) | 484 (0.6) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension | 32,707 (53.1) | 38,359 (56.4) | 39,945 (59.0) | 48,294 (61.5) | 50,382 (63.8) | 52,692 (65.7) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus | 20,282 (32.9) | 23,172 (34.1) | 23,826 (35.2) | 27,886 (35.5) | 28,609 (36.2) | 30,018 (37.4) | < 0.001 |
Dyslipidemia | 13,633 (22.1) | 18,060 (26.6) | 20,156 (29.8) | 25,312 (32.2) | 27,698 (35.1) | 29,722 (37.2) | < 0.001 |
Renal failure | 19,608 (31.8) | 23,194 (34.1) | 23,539 (34.8) | 28,011 (35.7) | 29,434 (37.3) | 32,538 (40.5) | < 0.001 |
COPD | 7163 (11.6) | 8306 (12.2) | 8274 (12.2) | 9820 (12.6) | 9929 (12.6) | 9628 (12.0) | 0.007 |
Liver disease | 2993 (4.9) | 3577 (5.3) | 3506 (5.2) | 4302 (5.5) | 4544 (5.8) | 4421 (5.5) | < 0.001 |
Depression | 294 (0.5) | 434 (0.6) | 569 (0.8) | 714 (0.9) | 792 (1.0) | 890 (1.1) | < 0.001 |
Dementia | 120 (0.2) | 207 (0.3) | 188 (0.3) | 234 (0.3) | 228 (0.3) | 254 (0.3) | 0.001 |
HIV | 389 (0.6) | 424 (0.6) | 433 (0.6) | 478 (0.6) | 572 (0.7) | 559 (0.7) | 0.015 |
Thalassemia | 1004 (1.6) | 1154 (1.7) | 1192 (1.8) | 1319 (1.7) | 1422 (1.8) | 1400 (1.7) | 0.059 |
Complications, n (%) b | |||||||
VT/VF | 204 (0.3) | 224 (0.3) | 285 (0.4) | 314 (0.4) | 288 (0.4) | 330 (0.4) | 0.015 |
Pneumonia | 2961 (4.8) | 3418 (5.0) | 3686 (5.4) | 4828 (6.2) | 4915 (6.2) | 5386 (6.7) | < 0.001 |
Acute kidney injury | 2327 (3.8) | 3045 (4.5) | 3525 (5.2) | 4488 (5.7) | 5378 (6.8) | 6305 (7.9) | < 0.001 |
Hyponatremia | 3246 (5.3) | 3926 (5.8) | 4443 (6.6) | 5991 (7.6) | 5857 (7.4) | 5915 (7.4) | < 0.001 |
Anemia | 10,317 (16.8) | 12,536 (18.4) | 12,258 (18.6) | 14,263 (18.2) | 13,975 (17.7) | 13,639 (17.0) | 0.113 |