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Table 1 Participants’ characteristics and elevated blood pressure (BP) outcome

From: High rates of undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension upon a screening campaign in rural Rwanda: a cross-sectional study

Participant characteristics

Total screened population

N = 4284

Comparisons by elevated blood pressurea

Normal BP

n = 3374

All elevated BP

n = 910 (21.2%)

Elevated BP in known hypertensive subjects

n = 158 (62.2%) of 254

Elevated BP in non-known hypertensive subjects

n = 752 (18.7%) of 4030

Mean ± SD or % (n)

p valueb

Mean ± SD or % (n)

p valueb

Mean ± SD or % (n)

p valueb

Female (%) (n)

56.4 (2417)

57.0 (1922)

54.4 (495)

0.165

54.4 (86)

0.530

54.4 (409)

0.197

Age (years)

46 ± 16

44 ± 15

55 ± 15

< 0.001

56 ± 14

< 0.001

55 ± 15

< 0.001

Height (cm)

166 ± 4

166 ± 4

166 ± 4

0.486

166 ± 4

0.193

166 ± 4

0.180

Weight (kg)

73.6 ± 9.3

72.8 ± 8.2

76.7 ± 12

< 0.001

76.2 ± 12.1

< 0.001

76.7 ± 12

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

26.6 ± 3.7

26.4 ± 3.3

27.7 ± 4.6

< 0.001

27.8 ± 4.7

< 0.001

27.7 ± 4.7

< 0.001

Waist circumference (cm)

74.4 ± 16.6

72.7 ± 15.6

80.4 ± 18.6

< 0.001

80.0 ± 18.2

< 0.001

80.5 ± 18.6

< 0.001

Smoking history (%) (n)

34.0 (1457)

26.6 (896)

61.6 (561)

< 0.001

61.4 (97)

< 0.001

61.7 (464)

< 0.001

Alcohol history (%) (n)

63.8 (2732)

58.1 (1959)

84.9 (773)

< 0.001

82.9 (131)

< 0.001

85.4 (642)

< 0.001

Systolic BP (mmHg)

127 ± 18

119 ± 12

153 ± 14

< 0.001

153 ± 16

< 0.001

153 ± 13

< 0.001

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

76 ± 11

72 ± 8

88 ± 9

< 0.001

89 ± 9

< 0.001

88 ± 9

< 0.001

Blood glucose (mg/dL)

101 ± 22

100 ± 21

105 ± 25

< 0.001

103 ± 30

0.051

105 ± 24

< 0.001

Elevated blood glucose (%) (n)c

18.2 (779)

16.5 (558)

24.3 (221)

< 0.001

7.6 (12)

0.003

27.8 (208)

< 0.001

  1. Table combine both descriptive data on the total screened population (first column) and univariate participants characteristics comparison between each time the normal BP group versus elevated BP, versus poorly controlled BP and versus new discovered cases BP groups
  2. aElevated blood pressure was defined as a systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg
  3. bComparison by unpaired t-test or χ2, Normal BP as comparison group of all p values
  4. cElevated blood glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL after minimum 6-h fast