Table 2 Comparisons of baseline echocardiographic characteristics between survivors and non-survivors

LVEDD, mm

40.5 ± 5.6

41.4 ± 6.0

39.1 ± 5.0

0.059

LV IVS, mm

15.6 ± 4.3

15.3 ± 4.4

16.1 ± 4.1

0.365

LVPW, mm

14.8 ± 3.6

14.6 ± 3.5

14.9 ± 3.9

0.684

LVEDV/BSA, ml/m²

44.8 ± 15.9

48.4 ± 17.1

38.3 ± 14.0

0.049

LVESV/BSA, ml/m²

17.1 ± 9.0

18.3 ± 9.2

16.6 ± 8.6

0.428

LV mass/BSA, g/m²

160.3 ± 47.7

164.4 ± 51.9

154.8 ± 42.5

0.393

LVFS, %

34.0 ± 8.0

34.8 ± 8.4

32.8 ± 7.4

0.224

LVEF, %

59.7 ± 7.6

60.5 ± 8.0

58.6 ± 7.1

0.238

LV GLS, %

− 13.6 ± 4.7

− 14.8 ± 4.4

− 12.0 ± 4.7

0.004

Twist, °

12.7 ± 7.6

13.1 ± 8.1

12.2 ± 7.2

0.582

Dispersion, ms

56.4 ± 21.2

53.4 ± 18.6

61.6 ± 24.9

0.118

E wave, m/s

0.9 ± 0.3

0.8 ± 0.3

0.9 ± 0.3

0.433

A wave, m/s

0.6 ± 0.3

0.6 ± 0.3

0.5 ± 0.3

0.289

Tricuspid s’ wave, cm/s

10.8 ± 3.6

11.0 ± 3.3

10.7 ± 4.1

0.724

E/A

1.8 ± 0.9

1.6 ± 0.8

2.1 ± 1.0

0.017

E/e’ (lateral)

18.7 ± 8.9

15.7 ± 6.7

22.8 ± 14.7

0.009

TAPSE, mm

15.3 ± 4.4

16.1 ± 4.2

14.3 ± 4.5

0.054

TRV, m/s

2.2 ± 0.6

2.2 ± 0.7

2.1 ± 0.6

0.815

PASP, mmHg

30.5 ± 11.0

30.9 ± 11.4

29.9 ± 10.8

0.694

IVC, mm

17.2 ± 3.6

16.8 ± 3.7

17.8 ± 3.6

0.210

Pericardial effusion, n (%)

51 (54.8%)

27 (49.1%)

24 (63.2%)

0.180

Mitral regurgitation

0.769

 None, n (%)

41 (44.1%)

25 (45.5%)

16 (42.1%)

 Mild, n (%)

33 (35.5%)

19 (34.5%)

16 (42.1%)

 Moderate, n (%)

12 (12.9%)

7 (12.7%)

5 (13.2%)

 Severe, n (%)

7 (7.5%)

4 (7.3%)

1 (2.6%)

Diastolic dysfunction

0.067

 None, n (%)

34 (36.6%)

24 (43.6%)

10 (26.3%)

 Grade I, n (%)

13 (14.0%)

10 (18.2%)

3 (7.9%)

 Grade II, n (%)

5 (5.4%)

2 (3.6%)

3 (7.9%)

 Grade III, n (%)

41 (44.1%)

19 (34.5%)

22 (57.9%)

LA volume/BSA, ml/m²

32.1 ± 16.3

29.2 ± 8.4

36.5 ± 12.6

0.365

LA width, mm

43.2 ± 6.9

41.4 ± 5.5

45.9 ± 7.7

0.441