Table 1 Baseline characteristics of subjects among the 4 LCA-derived AKI classes
Variables | Class 1 | Class 2 | Class 3 | Class 4 | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | 3321 | 1401 | 2466 | 550 | |
Age, years | 68.67 ± 10.54 | 64.24 ± 14.23 | 68.68 ± 13.72 | 70.50 ± 12.59 | < 0.001 |
Male | 2462 (74.1) | 742 (53.0) | 1394 (56.5) | 354 (64.4) | < 0.001 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 29.46 ± 5.93 | 28.75 ± 6.67 | 29.18 ± 7.41 | 30.47 ± 8.12 | < 0.001 |
CSRU | 3198 (96.3) | 1368 (97.6) | 523 (21.2) | 147 (26.7) | < 0.001 |
Heart rate, /min | 85.63 ± 8.95 | 83.84 ± 10.98 | 82.54 ± 16.39 | 80.29 ± 15.77 | < 0.001 |
Respiratory rate, /min | 16.95 ± 2.68 | 16.95 ± 2.94 | 19.31 ± 3.80 | 19.10 ± 3.89 | < 0.001 |
SpO2, % | 98.04 ± 1.39 | 98.01 ± 1.33 | 96.84 ± 2.23 | 97.03 ± 2.77 | < 0.001 |
Temperature, °C | 36.87 ± 0.47 | 36.85 ± 0.55 | 36.81 ± 0.67 | 36.60 ± 0.69 | < 0.001 |
Glucose, mg/dL | 132.63 ± 21.00 | 128.59 ± 20.67 | 148.59 ± 47.06 | 149.27 ± 50.64 | < 0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 112.09 ± 8.64 | 111.97 ± 9.54 | 115.95 ± 16.45 | 114.78 ± 17.71 | < 0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 56.02 ± 6.04 | 57.54 ± 6.92 | 60.46 ± 10.57 | 55.45 ± 11.01 | < 0.001 |
Urine output, mL | 1945.00 (1458.50–2636.00) | 1840.00 (1305.00–2627.50) | 1559.00 (996.75–2404.25) | 835.50 (247.25–1589.75) | < 0.001 |
Ventilation | 3285 (98.9) | 1386 (98.9) | 814 (33.0) | 268 (48.7) | < 0.001 |
Vasopressor | 2906 (87.5) | 1065 (76.0) | 648 (26.3) | 265 (48.2) | < 0.001 |
Sedative | 3204 (96.5) | 1367 (97.6) | 691 (28.0) | 226 (41.1) | < 0.001 |
Furosemide | 566 (17.0) | 292 (20.8) | 228 (9.2) | 82 (14.9) | < 0.001 |
CAD | 3302 (99.4) | 69 (4.9) | 1282 (52.0) | 253 (46.0) | < 0.001 |
Atrial fibrillation | 1428 (43.0) | 658 (47.0) | 866 (35.1) | 231 (42.0) | < 0.001 |
CHF | 817 (24.6) | 384 (27.4) | 1226 (49.7) | 364 (66.2) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension | 264 (7.9) | 51 (3.6) | 220 (8.9) | 287 (52.2) | < 0.001 |
Stroke | 207 (6.2) | 75 (5.4) | 197 (8.0) | 27 (4.9) | 0.002 |
Sepsis | 278 (8.4) | 218 (15.6) | 731 (29.6) | 293 (53.3) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes | 1326 (39.9) | 197 (14.1) | 739 (30.0) | 289 (52.5) | < 0.001 |
COPD | 317 (9.5) | 137 (9.8) | 406 (16.5) | 91 (16.5) | < 0.001 |
Renal disease | 270 (8.1) | 52 (3.7) | 248 (10.1) | 289 (52.5) | < 0.001 |
Liver disease | 32 (1.0) | 27 (1.9) | 56 (2.3) | 31 (5.6) | < 0.001 |
Malignancy | 124 (3.7) | 115 (8.2) | 287 (11.6) | 48 (8.7) | < 0.001 |
Cardiopulmonary bypass | 3150 (94.9) | 1089 (77.7) | 267 (10.8) | 77 (14.0) | < 0.001 |
CABG | 3164 (95.3) | 2 (0.1) | 242 (9.8) | 62 (11.3) | < 0.001 |
Left heart catheterization | 1435 (43.2) | 177 (12.6) | 1143 (46.4) | 146 (26.5) | < 0.001 |
White blood cell count, × 109/L | 13.16 ± 5.15 | 13.08 ± 6.19 | 12.27 ± 6.03 | 12.78 ± 7.30 | < 0.001 |
Hemoglobin, g/dL | 9.84 ± 2.04 | 9.93 ± 1.93 | 11.72 ± 1.99 | 10.03 ± 1.63 | < 0.001 |
Platelet, × 109/L | 164.38 ± 60.03 | 161.50 ± 67.91 | 239.12 ± 101.52 | 219.03 ± 100.62 | < 0.001 |
Chloride, mg/dL | 108.09 ± 3.96 | 108.65 ± 4.16 | 103.54 ± 5.16 | 101.58 ± 6.78 | < 0.001 |
Sodium, mg/dL | 136.47 ± 2.78 | 137.52 ± 3.36 | 138.19 ± 4.23 | 136.30 ± 5.40 | < 0.001 |
Potassium, mg/dL | 4.55 ± 0.82 | 4.34 ± 0.82 | 4.10 ± 0.65 | 4.69 ± 0.87 | < 0.001 |
BUN, mg/dL | 17.49 ± 7.50 | 16.53 ± 7.00 | 23.20 ± 10.99 | 68.05 ± 23.68 | < 0.001 |
Bicarbonate, mg/dL | 23.60 ± 2.39 | 23.36 ± 2.81 | 24.49 ± 4.61 | 22.00 ± 5.33 | < 0.001 |
Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.80 (0.70–1.00) | 0.80 (0.60–1.00) | 1.00 (0.80–1.40) | 3.30 (2.50–5.10) | < 0.001 |