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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients combined with AF and hypertension according to ACEI/ARB

From: Impact of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone-system inhibitor drugs on mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation and hypertension

 

Total (n = 1110)

ACEI/ARB (n = 574)

no-ACEI/ARB (n = 536)

P value

Male (n[%])

492 [44.3%]

263 [45.8%]

229 [42.7%]

0.300

Age (y)

74(66–80)

73(66–79)

74(67–80)

0.053

BMI (Kg/m2)

23.8(22.0–26.0)

24.0(22.1–26.7)

23.6(21.9–25.7)

0.027

SBP (mmHg)

140(124–152)

140(126–154)

140(122–155)

0.100

DBP (mmHg)

80(71–90)

80(74–90)

80(70–90)

0.109

Heart rate (beat/min)

96(80–120)

96(79–118)

98(80–122)

0.023

Type of AF (n[%])

   

0.019

Paroxysmal

232 [20.9%]

103 [17.9%]

129 [24.1%]

 

Persistent

353 [31.8%]

180 [31.4%]

173 [32.3%]

 

Permanent

525 [47.3%]

291 [50.7%]

234 [43.7%]

 

Comorbidities

    

Myocardial infarction (n[%])

104 [9.4%]

70 [12.2%]

34 [6.3%]

0.001

Coronary artery disease (n[%])

607 [54.7%]

343 [59.8%]

264 [49.3%]

 < 0.001

Congenital heart disease (n[%])

11 [1.0%]

4 [0.7%]

7 [1.3%]

0.306

Diabetes mellitus (n[%])

243 [21.9%]

110 [19.2%]

133 [24.8%]

0.286

Heart failure (n[%])

374 [33.7%]

234 [40.8%]

140 [26.1%]

 < 0.001

Rheumatic heart disease (n[%])

77 [6.9%]

41 [7.1%]

36 [6.7%]

0.780

Left ventricular hypertrophy (n[%])

221 [19.9%]

129 [22.5%]

92 [17.2%]

0.027

Previous stroke or TIA (n[%])

279 [25.1%]

136 [23.7%]

143 [26.7%]

0.252

Sleep apnea (n[%])

46 [4.1%]

24 [4.2%]

22 [4.1%]

0.949

Smoking (n[%])

238 [21.4%]

133 [23.2%]

105 [19.6%]

0.146

LVEF < 40% (n[%])

207 [18.6%]

129 [22.5%]

78 [14.6%]

0.001

Dementia (n[%])

31 [2.8%]

10 [1.7%]

21 [3.9%]

0.028

COPD (n[%])

137 [12.3%]

71 [12.4%]

66 [12.3%]

0.977

Hyperthyroidism (n[%])

27 [2.4%]

19 [3.3%]

8 [1.5%]

0.050

Valvular heart disease (n[%])

90 [8.1%]

53 [9.2%]

37 [6.9%]

0.155

Prior major bleeding (n[%])

25 [2.3%]

11 [1.9%]

14 [2.6%]

0.435

CHADS2 score ≥ 2 (n[%])

846 [76.2%]

454 [79.1%]

392 [73.1%]

0.020

Medication status

Diuretic (n[%])

422 [38.0%]

282 [49.1%]

140 [26.1%]

 < 0.001

β blocker (n[%])

567 [51.1%]

311 [54.2%]

256 [47.8%]

0.033

Calcium channel blocker (n[%])

412 [37.1%]

202 [35.2%]

210 [39.2%]

0.169

Digoxin (n[%])

278 [25.0%]

190 [33.1%]

88 [16.4%]

 < 0.001

Aspirin (n[%])

680 [61.3%]

405 [70.6%]

275 [51.3%]

 < 0.001

Clopidogrel (n[%])

98 [8.8%]

55 [9.6%]

43 [8.0%]

0.360

Statin (n[%])

363 [32.7%]

253 [44.1%]

110 [20.5%]

 < 0.001

Oral anticoagulants (n[%])

147 [13.2%]

79 [13.8%]

68 [12.7%]

0.597

Amiodarone (n[%])

121 [10.9%]

74 [12.9%]

47 [8.8%]

0.028

Propafenone (n[%])

37 [3.3%]

18 [3.1%]

1 [3.5%]

0.705

  1. ACEI: angiotensin-conver ting enzyme inhibitor; AF: atrial fibrillation; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blocker; BMI: Body mass index values; CCB: calcium channel blocker; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; TIA: transient ischemic attack; SBP systolic blood pressure