Table 1 Hemodynamic parameters measured at baseline, post dilation, and after ring annuloplasty repair using flexible and rigid rings
Hemodynamic parameters | Baseline | Post dilation | Flexible annuloplasty ring | Rigid annuloplasty ring | P value baseline versus post dilation | P value post dilation versus flexible annuloplasty ring | P value post dilation versus rigid annuloplasty ring |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Heart rate (bpm) | 70 ± 0 | 70 ± 0 | 70 ± 0 | 70 ± 0 | – | – | – |
Pump stroke volume (mL) | 101.0 ± 0.1 | 109.9 ± 0.1 | 109.9 ± 0.0 | 109.9 ± 0.1 | 0.87 | 0.81 | 0.61 |
Effective stroke volume (mL) | 51.2 ± 6.3 | 46.1 ± 10.1 | 46.0 ± 10.0 | 50.5 ± 7.4 | 0.09 | 0.97 | 0.06 |
Cardiac output (L/min) | 3.6 ± 0.4 | 3.2 ± 0.7 | 3.2 ± 0.7 | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 0.09 | 0.97 | 0.06 |
Mean aortic pressure (mmHg) | 101.3 ± 2.6 | 96.7 ± 14.0 | 99.0 ± 14.1 | 101.0 ± 13.0 | 0.53 | 0.05 | 0.03 |
Systolic aortic pressure (mmHg) | 118.5 ± 2.7 | 112.8 ± 15.5 | 115.3 ± 15.7 | 117.9 ± 13.6 | 0.48 | 0.18 | 0.04 |
Diastolic aortic pressure (mmHg) | 85.1 ± 3.0 | 81.5 ± 12.7 | 83.4 ± 12.8 | 85.2 ± 12.1 | 0.60 | 0.07 | 0.03 |
Ventricular mean pressure (mmHg) | 43.6 ± 5.5 | 43.3 ± 5.7 | 44.3 ± 6.4 | 45.0 ± 6.5 | 0.94 | 0.15 | 0.04 |
Atrial mean pressure (mmHg) | 8.6 ± 7.8 | 11.1 ± 0.8 | 11.0 ± 2.2 | 11.3 ± 2.4 | 0.55 | 0.89 | 0.86 |
Mitral valve mean gradient (mmHg) | 1.1 ± 1.3 | 0.8 ± 0.4 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 0.74 | 0.004 | 0.21 |
Mitral forward flow time (s) | 0.6 ± 0.0 | 0.5 ± 0.0 | 0.6 ± 0.0 | 0.6 ± 0.0 | 0.18 | 0.08 | 0.12 |
Mitral forward volume (mL) | 59.9 ± 10.0 | 59.6 ± 9.5 | 58.3 ± 9.3 | 61.4 ± 8.2 | 0.78 | 0.52 | 0.13 |
Mitral closing volume (mL) | − 7.2 ± 4.8 | − 11.8 ± 1.9 | − 10.7 ± 0.6 | − 10.5 ± 1.3 | 0.17 | 0.25 | 0.06 |
Mitral regurgitant fraction (%) | 13.9 ± 4.4 | 23.2 ± 5.5 | 21.6 ± 6.1 | 17.8 ± 2.8 | 0.14 | 0.32 | 0.05 |
Transmitral forward energy loss (mJ) | − 2.8 ± 16.2 | − 14.0 ± 7.3 | − 5.5 ± 10.1 | − 11.0 ± 7.7 | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.64 |
Transmitral closing energy loss (mJ) | 31.3 ± 27.3 | 51.4 ± 8.7 | 58.1 ± 14.4 | 56.6 ± 14.8 | 0.19 | 0.54 | 0.58 |
Transmitral leakage energy loss (mJ) | 20.1 ± 11.0 | 25.3 ± 9.1 | 21.3 ± 25.8 | 7.7 ± 16.5 | 0.02 | 0.81 | 0.24 |
Transmitral total energy loss (mJ) | 48.6 ± 7.0 | 62.7 ± 8.5 | 73.9 ± 22.6 | 53.4 ± 11.2 | 0.13 | 0.34 | 0.28 |