Variables | Overall cohort (N = 276) | Survivors (n = 223) | Non-survivors (n = 53) | P value* |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 62 ± 12 | 62 ± 12 | 68 ± 12 | 0.001 |
Male, n (%) | 198 (71.7) | 156 (70.0) | 42 (79.2) | 0.177 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.97 ± 2.83 | 22.92 ± 2.97 | 23.19 ± 2.12 | 0.251 |
Heart rate (beats/min) | 77 ± 15 | 77 ± 15 | 77 ± 15 | 0.794 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 131.68 ± 21.86 | 131.01 ± 20.64 | 134.51 ± 26.44 | 0.752 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 75.65 ± 11.75 | 75.96 ± 11.94 | 74.36 ± 10.96 | 0.269 |
NYHA functional class, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.004 |
III | 79 (28.6) | 62 (27.8) | 17 (32.1) | Â |
IV | 20 (7.2) | 9 (4.0) | 11 (20.8) | Â |
Medical history | ||||
Current smoker, n (%) | 68 (24.6) | 51 (22.9) | 17 (32.1) | 0.372 |
Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 203 (73.6) | 161 (72.2) | 42 (79.2) | 0.296 |
Arterial hypertension, n (%) | 99 (35.9) | 75 (33.6) | 24 (45.3) | 0.112 |
Cardiomyopathy, n (%) | 41 (14.9) | 35 (15.7) | 6 (11.3) | 0.421 |
Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 8 (2.9) | 6 (2.7) | 2 (3.8) | 0.673 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 68 (24.6) | 55 (247) | 13 (24.5) | 0.984 |
Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 77 (27.9) | 61 (27.4) | 16 (30.2) | 0.679 |
Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 19 (6.9) | 15 (6.7) | 4 (7.5) | 0.832 |
Renal insufficiency, n (%) | 18 (6.5) | 12 (5.4) | 6 (11.3) | < 0.001 |
Liver insufficiency, n (%) | 3 (1.1) | 2 (3.8) | 1 (0.4) | 0.036 |
Thyroid disorders, n (%) | 7 (2.5) | 6 (2.7) | 1 (1.9) | 0.738 |
Laboratory tests | ||||
Red blood cell count | 4.51 ± 0.75 | 4.58 ± 0.72 | 4.21 ± 0.82 | 0.001 |
Platelet count | 217.64 ± 66.16 | 218.71 ± 68.5 | 213.15 ± 55.6 | 0.795 |
Platelet distribution width | 15.48 ± 2.95 | 15.36 ± 2.31 | 15.99 ± 4.79 | 0.039 |
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate | 39.25 ± 72.23 | 37.9 ± 75.86 | 44.94 ± 54.61 | 0.010 |
Hematocrit (%) | 37.81 ± 10.09 | 37.66 ± 9.39 | 38.45 ± 12.71 | 0.233 |
Hemoglobin (g/L) | 132.23 ± 19.91 | 133.86 ± 19.01 | 125.39 ± 22.25 | 0.003 |
Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L) | 34.22 ± 51.23 | 32.42 ± 33.75 | 41.8 ± 94.59 | 0.069 |
Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/L) | 42.39 ± 103.99 | 36.83 ± 48.29 | 65.81 ± 215.74 | 0.502 |
Total bilirubin (μmol/L) | 13.67 ± 8.52 | 13.84 ± 8.84 | 12.93 ± 7.07 | 0.608 |
Albumin (g/L) | 40.05 ± 14.57 | 40.52 ± 16.04 | 38.09 ± 4.41 | 0.037 |
Sodium (mmol/L) | 139.88 ± 4.08 | 139.92 ± 4.15 | 139.73 ± 3.79 | 0.617 |
Creatinine (μmol/L) | 86.39 ± 39.65 | 81.75 ± 26.56 | 105.88 ± 69.46 | 0.044 |
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 5.8 ± 2.68 | 5.56 ± 2.31 | 6.8 ± 3.74 | 0.026 |
Uric acid (mmol/L) | 373.96 ± 123.19 | 362.14 ± 117.87 | 423.67 ± 133.52 | 0.007 |
Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.93 ± 2.15 | 1.9 ± 2.05 | 2.05 ± 2.52 | 0.619 |
Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 6.92 ± 34.13 | 7.42 ± 37.95 | 4.78 ± 2.46 | 0.159 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.17 ± 0.37 | 1.19 ± 0.37 | 1.09 ± 0.35 | 0.063 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.75 ± 1.22 | 2.79 ± 1.24 | 2.61 ± 1.12 | 0.280 |
Glucose (mmol/L) | 6.22 ± 3.52 | 6.04 ± 2.69 | 6.94 ± 5.82 | 0.833 |
NT-proBNP (fmol/mL) # | 2580 (1017, 4289) | 2381.0 (838.6, 4249.0) | 3698.0 (1421.0, 6271.5) | 0.015 |
hsCRP | 30.06 ± 38.16 | 27.84 ± 35.23 | 39.37 ± 47.91 | 0.195 |
Echocardiography | ||||
Left atrial anteroposterior diameter (mm) | 35.86 ± 6.83 | 35.75 ± 6.72 | 36.3 ± 7.32 | 0.431 |
Left ventricular end diastolic diameter (mm) | 49.99 ± 8.26 | 49.7 ± 8.05 | 51.17 ± 9.06 | 0.205 |
Right ventricular anteroposterior diameter (mm) | 19.93 ± 5.72 | 20.05 ± 5.62 | 19.45 ± 6.13 | 0.953 |
Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 53.88 ± 10.78 | 54.05 ± 11.01 | 53.19 ± 9.82 | 0.319 |
Pericardial effusion, n (%) | 12 (4.3) | 10 (4.5) | 2 (3.8) | 0.820 |
Hemodynamics | ||||
mRAP (mmHg) | 14.32 ± 4.4 | 14.16 ± 4.32 | 15.02 ± 4.72 | 0.127 |
RVSP (mmHg) | 46.69 ± 12.92 | 45.66 ± 12.12 | 51 ± 15.24 | 0.011 |
RVEDP (mmHg) | 14.21 ± 5.77 | 13.93 ± 5.88 | 15.36 ± 5.18 | 0.025 |
sPAP (mmHg) | 46.56 ± 11.51 | 45.52 ± 10.84 | 50.94 ± 13.23 | 0.002 |
dPAP (mmHg) | 23.35 ± 6.44 | 22.82 ± 6.37 | 25.57 ± 6.31 | 0.002 |
mPAP (mmHg) | 31.68 ± 7.62 | 31.05 ± 7.38 | 34.36 ± 8.09 | 0.001 |
PAWP (mmHg) # | 16 (16, 18) | 16 (16, 19) | 16 (16, 16) | 0.703 |
DPG (mmHg) | 5.67 ± 4.91 | 5.2 ± 4.69 | 7.66 ± 5.34 | 0.001 |
PVR (WU) | 5.89 ± 4.45 | 5.68 ± 4.45 | 6.77 ± 4.38 | 0.063 |
Cardiac index (L/min/m2) | 2.47 ± 0.78 | 2.44 ± 0.76 | 2.63 ± 0.82 | 0.083 |
SvO2 (%) | 70.81 ± 19.33 | 73 ± 19.3 | 61.61 ± 16.69 |  < 0.001 |
PAC (mL/mmHg) | 4.88 ± 4.36 | 5.17 ± 4.55 | 3.67 ± 3.17 | 0.038 |
Treatments | ||||
ACEI, n (%) | 124 (44.9) | 97 (43.5) | 27 (50.9) | 0.327 |
ARB, n (%) | 59 (21.4) | 45 (20.2) | 14 (26.4) | 0.320 |
Beta blocker, n (%) | 185 (67.0) | 146 (65.5) | 39 (73.6) | 0.259 |
Ca2+ channel blockers, n (%) | 51 (18.5) | 35 (15.7) | 16 (30.2) | 0.015 |
Diuretics, n (%) | 135 (48.9) | 102 (45.7) | 33 (62.3) | 0.031 |
Digoxin, n (%) | 63 (22.8) | 46 (20.6) | 17 (32.1) | 0.074 |
MRA, n (%) | 153 (55.4) | 115 (51.6) | 38 (71.7) | 0.008 |
Statin, n (%) | 238 (86.2) | 190 (85.2) | 48 (90.6) | 0.308 |
Antiplatelet/anticoagulant, n (%) | 57 (20.7) | 50 (22.4) | 7 (13.2) | 0.136 |