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Table 2 Patient outcomes and laboratory studies during hospitalization, and comparison of patients with and without myocardial injury

From: Myocardial injury in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a retrospective study, systematic review, and meta-analysis

Clinical course/outcome

All patients (N = 268)

Myocardial injury (N = 58)

No myocardial injury (N = 210)

P value

Longest QTc measurement (ms)

446 ± 37

457 ± 37

443 ± 36

0.008

Cardiac arrest, n (%)

1 (0.4)

0

1 (0.5)

1.000

EKG and cardiac rhythm abnormalities

 Arrhythmia, n (%)

30 (11)

16 (28)

14 (7)

< 0.001

 Atrial fibrillation, n (%)

24 (9)

11 (19)

13 (6)

0.007

 Sustained VT, n (%)

3 (1)

2 (3)

1 (0.5)

0.119

 VT, n (%)

4 (1.5)

2 (3)

2 (1)

0.205

 1st degree heart block, n (%)

6 (2)

2 (3)

4 (2)

0.613

 2nd (Type 2) or 3rd degree heart block, n (%)

2 (1)

0 (0)

2 (1)

1.000

 New left or right bundle branch block, n (%)

23 (9)

4 (7)

19 (9)

0.793

 ST depression or T wave inversion, n (%)

36 (14)

13 (22)

23 (11)

0.031

 ST elevation, n (%)

5 (2)

3 (5)

2 (1)

0.069

 QT prolongation

66 (25)

21 (36)

45 (21)

0.025

 Abnormal EKG, n (%)

99 (37)

35 (60)

64 (30)

< 0.001

 Any arrhythmia, n (%)

39 (15)

17 (29)

22 (11)

0.001

 Troponin I peak (ng/mL)

0.34 ± 1.50

1.48 ± 2.97

0.02 ± 0.02

< 0.001

Abnormal BNP, n (%)

45 (30)

22 (56)

23 (21)

< 0.001

 BNP peak (pg/mL)

185 ± 299

373 ± 411

189 ± 22

< 0.001

High d-dimer, n (%)

184 (72)

47 (84)

137 (69)

0.028

 D-dimer peak (ng/mL)

3254 ± 8868

5854 ± 12,899

2640 ± 7482

0.022

Acute kidney injury, n (%)

107 (40)

43 (74)

64 (30)

< 0.001

 Peak creatinine (mg/dL)

1.85 ± 2.15

3.10 ± 3.46

1.51 ± 1.49

< 0.001

New HD or CVVHD, n (%)

6 (2)

1 (2)

5 (2)

1.000

Invasive ventilation, n (%)

50 (19)

13 (22)

37 (18)

0.447

Shock of any type, n (%)

44 (16)

19 (33)

25 (12)

< 0.001

ARDS, n (%)

41 (15)

11 (19)

30 (14)

0.407

Ischemic Stroke, n (%)

2 (1)

1 (2)

1 (0.5)

0.382

DVT and/or PE, n (%)

10 (4)

4 (7)

6 (3)

0.228

Death, n (%)

41 (15)

19 (33)

22 (10)

< 0.001

Discharge

 Home, n (%)

165 (62)

20 (35)

145 (69)

< 0.001

 SNF, n (%)

59 (22)

17 (29)

42 (20)

LOS (days)

9 ± 9

9 ± 10

9 ± 9

0.866

Cost of hospitalization (US dollars)

92,727 ± 125,821

84,271 ± 104,119

95,535 ± 131,126

0.547

In hospital medications

 Hydroxychloroquine, n (%)

187 (70)

37 (65)

150 (72)

0.329

 Azithromycin, n (%)

40 (15)

10 (18)

30 (14)

0.536

 Hydroxychloroquine AND Azithromycin, n (%)

33 (12)

8 (14)

25 (12)

0.654

 Tocilizumab, n (%)

6 (2)

0 (0)

6 (3)

0.346

 > 1 QT prolonging drug, n (%)

139 (52)

30 (53)

109 (52)

1.000

 Therapeutic anticoagulation, n (%)

23 (9)

10 (18)

13 (6)

0.025

 Steroids, n (%)

41 (15)

18 (32)

23 (11)

< 0.001

 ACEi/ARNI, n (%)

40 (15)

5 (9)

35 (17)

0.149

 ARBs, n (%)

31 (12)

2 (3)

29 (14)

0.035

  1. Abnormal D-dimer was defined by more than the lab specified value of 255 ng/mL. High troponin was defined by a value more than the lab specified value of 0.04 ng/mL. QTc was considered prolonged if more than 460 ms in men and more than 480 ms in women on any EKG done during hospital stay
  2. SI units for BNP = pg/mL Abnormal BNP was defined by a value of more than 100 pg/mL
  3. Units for creatinine = mg/dL
  4. SI units for troponin I = ng/mL
  5. AMA against medical advice, ARNI angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor, VT ventricular tachycardia, ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, PE pulmonary embolism, HD hemodialysis, CVVD continuous venovenous hemodialysis, SNF skilled nursing facility, LOS length of stay
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BMC Cardiovascular Disorders

ISSN: 1471-2261

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