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Table 1 Patient characteristics and comorbidities; comparison of patients with and without myocardial injury

From: Myocardial injury in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a retrospective study, systematic review, and meta-analysis

Baseline characteristics

All patients (N = 268)

Myocardial injury (N = 58)

No myocardial injury (N = 210)

P value

Age

62 ± 17

73 ± 14

59 ± 17

< 0.001

Sex

 Male, n (%)

139 (52)

30 (52)

109 (52)

1.000

 Female, n (%)

129 (48)

28 (48)

101 (48)

 

Race

 Caucasian, n (%)

172 (64)

43 (74)

129 (62)

0.176

 African–American, n (%)

80 (30)

13 (22)

67 (32)

 Latino, n (%)

13 (5)

1 (1)

12 (6)

 Other, n (%)

2 (1)

1 (1)

1 (1)

Hypertension, n (%)

191 (71)

50 (86)

141 (67)

0.005

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

97 (36)

24 (41)

73 (35)

0.359

Cardiovascular disease, n (%)

84 (31)

33 (57)

51 (24)

< 0.001

Ischemic heart disease, n (%)

53 (20)

20 (35)

33 (16)

0.003

HFrEF, n (%)

13 (5)

7 (12)

6 (3)

0.009

HFpEF, n (%)

26 (10)

11 (19)

15 (7)

0.012

Atrial fibrillation, n (%)

27 (10)

12 (21)

15 (7)

0.005

Active cancer, n (%)

11 (4)

1 (2)

10 (5)

0.466

Stroke, n (%)

33 (12)

16 (28)

17 (8)

< 0.001

Chronic kidney disease, n (%)

36 (13)

15 (26)

21 (10)

0.004

ESRD on HD, n (%)

11 (4)

7 (12)

4 (2)

0.003

Chronic liver disease, n (%)

13 (5)

3 (5)

10 (5)

1.000

Immunosuppressive state, n (%)

17 (6)

7 (12)

10 (5)

0.064

Home med: ACEi, n (%)

60 (23)

15 (26)

45 (22)

0.297

Home med: ARBs/ARNI, n (%)

31 (12)

5 (9)

26 (12)

0.496

Presenting vital signs

 Heart rate

93 ± 19

92 ± 23

93 ± 17

0.686

 Respiratory rate

22 ± 6

24 ± 8

22 ± 6

0.104

 Systolic blood pressure

127 ± 21

123 ± 22

128 ± 21

0.158

Reasons for hospitalization

 Chest pain, n (%)

49 (18)

7 (12)

42 (20)

0.185

 Palpitations, n (%)

4 (2)

2 (4)

2 (1)

0.192

 Fever, n (%)

142 (54)

22 (40)

120 (58)

0.022

 Malaise, n (%)

120 (46)

21 (38)

99 (48)

0.224

 Dry Cough, n (%)

167 (64)

26 (47)

141 (68)

0.005

 Anorexia, n (%)

39 (15)

4 (7)

35 (17)

0.089

 Myalgia, n (%)

60 (23)

5 (9)

55 (27)

0.006

 Dyspnea, n (%)

215 (82)

44 (80)

171 (83)

0.690

 Orthopnea, n (%)

1 (0.4)

0 (0)

1 (0.5)

1.000

 Expectoration, n (%)

24 (9)

4 (7)

20 (10)

0.794

 Diarrhea, n (%)

66 (25)

8 (15)

58 (28)

0.054

 Headache, n (%)

40 (15)

4 (7)

36 (18)

0.090

 Vomiting, n (%)

37 (14)

6 (11)

31 (15)

0.519

 Abdominal pain, n (%)

23 (9)

6 (11)

17 (8)

0.592

  1. HFpEF congestive heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, EF < 40%, HFrEF congestive heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, EF > 50%. There were 3 patients with HfmrEF (EF 40–50%) and were included in HfrEF group. ESRD on HD = End stage renal disease on hemodialysis. Immunosuppressive state anyone on chronic immunomodulatory drugs or with immunodeficiencies such as HIV, ARNI angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor, EKG electrocardiogram