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Table 5 The direct effect, indirect effect, and total effect of bystander CPR on the survival after OHCA among patients that EMS attempted to resuscitate (N = 2250)&

From: Trend in survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and its relationship with bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a six-year prospective observational study in Beijing

 

Unstandardized Estimate

Standardized

Estimate

Bootstrap Bias-corrected 95% confidence interval

Lower

Upper

P-value

Multivariate Path Analyses Model of Bystander CPR on OHCA Survival

Bystander CPR-Initial Shockable Rhythm

0.076

0.122

0.086

0.196

0.001

Bystander CPR-Survived Event

0.045

0.088

0.047

0.129

0.002

Bystander CPR-ROSC

0.024

0.052

0.011

0.098

0.008

Initial Shockable Rhythm-ROSC

0.055

0.075

0.036

0.118

0.002

Initial Shockable Rhythm-Survived Event

0.085

0.105

0.062

0.144

0.003

ROSC-Survival Event

0.103

0.094

0.051

0.134

0.002

Initial Shockable Rhythm-Survival to Discharge

0.034

0.075

0.042

0.112

0.002

Survived Event-Survival to Discharge

0.290

0.513

0.480

0.543

0.002

ROSC-Survival to Discharge

0.036

0.058

0.022

0.089

0.003

Effect of Bystander CPR on OHCA Survival

Total effect

0.019

0.068

0.045

0.089

0.002

Total direct effect

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

Total indirect effect

0.019

0.068

0.045

0.089

0.002

Mediation Analyses and Potential Paths

P1: Bystander CPR-Initial Shockable Rhythm-Survival to Discharge

0.003

0.009

0.005

0.016

0.001

P2: Bystander CPR-Survived Event-Survival to Discharge

0.013

0.045

0.024

0.066

0.002

P3: Bystander CPR-ROSC-Survival to Discharge

0.001

0.003

0.001

0.007

0.004

P4: Bystander CPR-Initial Shockable Rhythm-ROSC-Survival to Discharge

0.000

0.001

0.000

0.001

0.001

P5: Bystander CPR-Initial Shockable Rhythm-ROSC-Survived Event-Survival to Discharge

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.001

0.001

P6: Bystander CPR-Initial Shockable Rhythm-Survived Event-Survival to Discharge

0.002

0.007

0.004

0.011

0.001

P7: Bystander CPR-ROSC-Survived Event-Survival to Discharge

0.001

0.003

0.001

0.006

0.005

The Total Indirect Effect of Bystander CPR on OHCA Survival through Survived Event

Mediator: Survived Event (P2 + P5 + P6 + P7)

0.016

0.055

0.033

0.075

0.002

  1. Bystander CPR: bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation. ROSC: return of spontaneous circulation. OHCA, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. P: path. & Excluding 28 patients lost-to-follow-up