From: Loeffler endocarditis with intracardiac thrombus: case report and literature review
Study | Sex | Age | Clinical presentation | Eosinophil proportion | Increased troponin I | Valvulopathy/pericardial fluid | Treatment | Surgical intervention | Diagnostic methods | Cardiac dysfunction | Stroke | Evidence of thrombus | Prognosis |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lin et al. [6] | M | 59 | Dyspnea | NA | Yes | AR + MR/No | Corticosteroid + Immunosuppression + Warfarin | No | Endomyoca-rdial biopsy + TTE | Yes | No | L | Thrombus Regression + Doing well |
Hwang et al. [7] | M | 55 | Dyspnea, left-sided weakness | 54.9% | Yes | No/ No | Corticosteroid + Hydroxyurea + Warfarin | No | TTE | No | Yes | L | Thrombus regression |
Demetriades et al. [8] | F | 57 | Headache, lethargy, and reduced consciousness | 59.1% | NA | No / No | Corticosteroid + Warfarin | No | CMR | No | Yes | L | Thrombus regression Doing well |
Afzal et al. [9] | F | 66 | Dyspnea | 1.13 k/microL | NA | MR/ No | Corticosteroid + Warfarin | No | CMR | No | No | L | Thrombus regression |
Morgan et al. [10] | M | 35 | Dyspnea | 4.5% | Yes | No / Yes | Corticosteroid + Warfarin | No | CMR | No | No | L | Thrombus regression |
Kumar et al. [11] | M | 14 | Fever, cough, chest pain | 50.3% | NA | No / No | Corticosteroid | No | CMR | No | No | L | Thrombus NA Doing well |
Kalra et al. [12] | M | 61 | Dyspnea | 55.0% | NA | MR | Corticosteroid + Immunosuppres-sion | No | CMR | Yes | No | L | Died from bacterial sepsis |
Dufour et al. [13] | F | 16 | Fever, chest pain | NA | Yes | NA | Corticosteroid | No | CMR | No | No | L | Thrombus regression |
Kim et al. [14] | M | 28 | Headache, dyspnea | 46.6% | NA | NA | Immunosuppres-sion + imatinib + anticoagulation | No | Endomyoca-rdial biopsy | No | Yes | L + R | Thrombus regression |
Massin et al. [15] | M | 12 | Fever, dyspnea | 71.0% | NA | MR | Corticosteroid + Warfarin | Endomyocard-ectomy | CMR | Yes | No | L | Death(septic shock) |
Ammirati et al. [16] | M | 65 | Palpitations, dyspnea | 18.0% | N | MR + TR | Corticosteroid + anticoagulation | No | CMR + Endomyoca-rdial biopsy | Yes | Yes | L | Doing well |
Casavecchia et al. [17] | F | 44 | Fever, dyspnea | 35.7% | NA | MR + TR/ Y | Corticosteroid + Immunosuppres-sion + Warfarin | No | CMR | Yes | No | L + R | Presence of thrombus |
Wright et al. [18] | F | 46 | Fever, dyspnea | 85.0% | NA | MR | Corticosteroid + interferon alfa | Valve replacement | Endomyoca-rdial biopsy + TTE | Yes | No | L | Thrombus NA Poor prognosis |
Toshimitsu et al. [19] | M | 57 | Numbness of the lower extremities | 55.0% | NA | No / No | Corticosteroid + Warfarin | No | TTE | No | No | L | Shrunk thrombus |
Tai et al. [20] | F | 4 | Fever, dyspnea | 83.0% | NA | No/ No | Corticosteroid + Warfarin | No | CMR | No | No | R | Thrombus regression |
Saito et al. [21] | F | 59 | Fever | 30.0% | Yes | No/ Yes | Corticosteroid + Immunosuppres-sion + Warfarin | No | TTE + CMR | NA | No | L | Thrombus regression |
Gupta et al. [22] | F | 17 | Fever, dyspnea | 30.0% | NA | MR + TR | Corticosteroid + Warfarin | No | TTE | NA | No | L + R | Presence of thrombus |
Kharabish et al. [23] | F | 36 | Dyspnea | 28.0% | NA | MR/ Yes | Corticosteroid +  + Warfarin | No | CMR | NA | No | L | Thrombus regression |
Van et al. [24] | F | 51 | Dyspnea, chest pain | 46.0% | Yes | MR/ No | Corticosteroid + Immunosuppres-sion + Warfarin | No | CMR | Yes | No | L | Thrombus Regression |
Lee et al. [25] | M | 60 | Dyspnea | 53.0% | NA | No/ No | Corticosteroid + Warfarin | No | TTE | Yes | No | L | Presence of thrombus |
Thaden et al. [26] | F | 40 | Abdominal pain, diarrhea | NA | Yes | MR/ No | Warfarin | Surgical excision of thrombus and Valve replacement | Endomyocardial biopsy | Yes | No | L + R | Surgical excision of thrombus Poor prognosis |
Koneru et al. [27] | F | 24 | Nervous system symptoms | 49.1% | NA | No/ No | Corticosteroid + Immunosuppres-sion + Warfarin | No | CMR | NA | Yes | L | Thrombus regression |
Francone et al. [28] | M | 12 | Fever, dyspnea | 41.4% | NA | No/ No | Corticosteroid + Warfarin | No | CMR | Yes | Yes | L | Died from cerebral stroke |
Coelho et al. [29] | M | 56 | Palpitations, dyspnea, chest pain | 47.0% | Yes | No/ No | Corticosteroid | No | CMR | NA | Yes | R | NA |
Chad et al. [30] | F | 71 | Dyspnea | 24.0% | NA | MR + TR | Corticosteroid + Warfarin | No | CMR | Yes | No | L | Death (Heart failure) |
Amini et al. [31] | F | 74 | Chest pain | 64.0% | Yes | MR/ Yes | Corticosteroid | No | Endomyoca-rdial biopsy | Yes | Yes | R | Thrombus NA Poor prognosis |
Chang et al. [32] | F | 35 | Left-side weakness | NA | NA | No/ No | Corticosteroid + Warfarin | No | CMR | N A | Yes | L | Improved |
Lin CH et al. [33] | F | 67 | Dyspnea, chest pain | NA | NA | NA | Corticosteroid + Warfarin | No | CMR | No | Yes | L | NA |
Tanaka et al. [34] | F | 65 | Dyspnea | NA | NA | MR/ No | NA | No | TTE | Yes | Yes | L | Died from stroke |
Ucxar et al. Case 1 [35] | F | 35 | Abdominal distention | 13.0% | NA | No/ No | Corticosteroid | No | TTE | Yes | No | L | Died from refractory heart failure |
Case 2 [35] | F | 53 | Fever, abdominal pain, dyspnea, cough | 15.0% | NA | MR + TR/ No | Corticosteroid + Warfarin | No | TTE | N A | No | L + R | Death |
Salanitri et al. [36] | F | 59 | Fatigue, Abdominal pain | 10.0% | NA | No/Yes | Corticosteroid + Hydroxyurea | No | Endomyoca-rdial biopsy | N A | No | L + R | Died from septicemia |
Kocaturk et al. yyy [37] | M | 17 | Fever, dyspnea | 45.4% | NA | No/ No | Corticosteroid + Hydroxyurea | No | TTE | N A | Yes | L | Died from stroke |