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Table 2 Clinical summary of the 33 cases of loeffler endocarditis with intracardiac thrombus

From: Loeffler endocarditis with intracardiac thrombus: case report and literature review

Study

Sex

Age

Clinical presentation

Eosinophil proportion

Increased troponin I

Valvulopathy/pericardial fluid

Treatment

Surgical intervention

Diagnostic methods

Cardiac dysfunction

Stroke

Evidence of thrombus

Prognosis

Lin et al. [6]

M

59

Dyspnea

NA

Yes

AR + MR/No

Corticosteroid + Immunosuppression + Warfarin

No

Endomyoca-rdial biopsy + TTE

Yes

No

L

Thrombus Regression + Doing well

Hwang et al. [7]

M

55

Dyspnea, left-sided weakness

54.9%

Yes

No/ No

Corticosteroid + Hydroxyurea + Warfarin

No

TTE

No

Yes

L

Thrombus regression

Demetriades et al. [8]

F

57

Headache, lethargy, and reduced consciousness

59.1%

NA

No / No

Corticosteroid + Warfarin

No

CMR

No

Yes

L

Thrombus regression

Doing well

Afzal et al. [9]

F

66

Dyspnea

1.13 k/microL

NA

MR/ No

Corticosteroid + Warfarin

No

CMR

No

No

L

Thrombus regression

Morgan et al. [10]

M

35

Dyspnea

4.5%

Yes

No / Yes

Corticosteroid + Warfarin

No

CMR

No

No

L

Thrombus regression

Kumar et al. [11]

M

14

Fever, cough, chest pain

50.3%

NA

No / No

Corticosteroid

No

CMR

No

No

L

Thrombus NA

Doing well

Kalra et al. [12]

M

61

Dyspnea

55.0%

NA

MR

Corticosteroid + Immunosuppres-sion

No

CMR

Yes

No

L

Died from bacterial sepsis

Dufour et al. [13]

F

16

Fever, chest pain

NA

Yes

NA

Corticosteroid

No

CMR

No

No

L

Thrombus regression

Kim et al. [14]

M

28

Headache, dyspnea

46.6%

NA

NA

Immunosuppres-sion + imatinib + anticoagulation

No

Endomyoca-rdial biopsy

No

Yes

L + R

Thrombus regression

Massin et al. [15]

M

12

Fever, dyspnea

71.0%

NA

MR

Corticosteroid + Warfarin

Endomyocard-ectomy

CMR

Yes

No

L

Death(septic shock)

Ammirati et al. [16]

M

65

Palpitations, dyspnea

18.0%

N

MR + TR

Corticosteroid + anticoagulation

No

CMR + Endomyoca-rdial biopsy

Yes

Yes

L

Doing well

Casavecchia et al. [17]

F

44

Fever, dyspnea

35.7%

NA

MR + TR/ Y

Corticosteroid + Immunosuppres-sion + Warfarin

No

CMR

Yes

No

L + R

Presence of thrombus

Wright et al. [18]

F

46

Fever, dyspnea

85.0%

NA

MR

Corticosteroid + interferon alfa

Valve replacement

Endomyoca-rdial biopsy + TTE

Yes

No

L

Thrombus NA

Poor prognosis

Toshimitsu et al. [19]

M

57

Numbness of the lower extremities

55.0%

NA

No / No

Corticosteroid + Warfarin

No

TTE

No

No

L

Shrunk thrombus

Tai et al. [20]

F

4

Fever, dyspnea

83.0%

NA

No/ No

Corticosteroid + Warfarin

No

CMR

No

No

R

Thrombus regression

Saito et al. [21]

F

59

Fever

30.0%

Yes

No/ Yes

Corticosteroid + Immunosuppres-sion + Warfarin

No

TTE + CMR

NA

No

L

Thrombus regression

Gupta et al. [22]

F

17

Fever, dyspnea

30.0%

NA

MR + TR

Corticosteroid + Warfarin

No

TTE

NA

No

L + R

Presence of thrombus

Kharabish et al. [23]

F

36

Dyspnea

28.0%

NA

MR/ Yes

Corticosteroid +  + Warfarin

No

CMR

NA

No

L

Thrombus regression

Van et al. [24]

F

51

Dyspnea, chest pain

46.0%

Yes

MR/ No

Corticosteroid + Immunosuppres-sion + Warfarin

No

CMR

Yes

No

L

Thrombus Regression

Lee et al. [25]

M

60

Dyspnea

53.0%

NA

No/ No

Corticosteroid + Warfarin

No

TTE

Yes

No

L

Presence of thrombus

Thaden et al. [26]

F

40

Abdominal pain,

diarrhea

NA

Yes

MR/ No

Warfarin

Surgical excision of thrombus and Valve replacement

Endomyocardial biopsy

Yes

No

L + R

Surgical excision of thrombus

Poor prognosis

Koneru et al. [27]

F

24

Nervous system symptoms

49.1%

NA

No/ No

Corticosteroid + Immunosuppres-sion + Warfarin

No

CMR

NA

Yes

L

Thrombus regression

Francone et al. [28]

M

12

Fever, dyspnea

41.4%

NA

No/ No

Corticosteroid + Warfarin

No

CMR

Yes

Yes

L

Died from cerebral stroke

Coelho et al. [29]

M

56

Palpitations, dyspnea, chest pain

47.0%

Yes

No/ No

Corticosteroid

No

CMR

NA

Yes

R

NA

Chad et al. [30]

F

71

Dyspnea

24.0%

NA

MR + TR

Corticosteroid + Warfarin

No

CMR

Yes

No

L

Death (Heart failure)

Amini et al. [31]

F

74

Chest pain

64.0%

Yes

MR/ Yes

Corticosteroid

No

Endomyoca-rdial biopsy

Yes

Yes

R

Thrombus NA

Poor prognosis

Chang et al. [32]

F

35

Left-side weakness

NA

NA

No/ No

Corticosteroid + Warfarin

No

CMR

N A

Yes

L

Improved

Lin CH et al. [33]

F

67

Dyspnea, chest pain

NA

NA

NA

Corticosteroid + Warfarin

No

CMR

No

Yes

L

NA

Tanaka et al. [34]

F

65

Dyspnea

NA

NA

MR/ No

NA

No

TTE

Yes

Yes

L

Died from stroke

Ucxar et al. Case 1 [35]

F

35

Abdominal distention

13.0%

NA

No/ No

Corticosteroid

No

TTE

Yes

No

L

Died from refractory heart failure

Case 2 [35]

F

53

Fever, abdominal pain, dyspnea, cough

15.0%

NA

MR + TR/ No

Corticosteroid + Warfarin

No

TTE

N A

No

L + R

Death

Salanitri et al. [36]

F

59

Fatigue, Abdominal pain

10.0%

NA

No/Yes

Corticosteroid + Hydroxyurea

No

Endomyoca-rdial biopsy

N A

No

L + R

Died from septicemia

Kocaturk et al. yyy [37]

M

17

Fever, dyspnea

45.4%

NA

No/ No

Corticosteroid + Hydroxyurea

No

TTE

N A

Yes

L

Died from stroke

  1. TTE, transthoracic echocardiography; MR, mitral regurgitation; TR, tricuspid regurgitation; AR, aortic regurgitation; L, In the left ventricle; R, In the right ventricle; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; NA, not available