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Table 2 Echocardiographic findings of the study population by gender

From: Spectrum of cardiovascular diseases at a referral tertiary care hospital in Somalia, Mogadishu: an echocardiographic study

Variables

All (n:1140)

Male (n:646)

Female (n:494)

p value

Ejection fraction, %

60 (40–65)

55 (35–60)

60 (55–65)

< 0.001

Interventricular septum thickness, mm

11 (10–14)

13 (10–14)

11 (10–14)

0.001

LV diastolic dysfunction and grades, n (%)

668 (58.6)

416 (64.4)

252 (51.0)

< 0.001

 Grade I

486 (42.6)

289 (44.7)

197 (39.9)

 

 Grade II

141 (12.4)

99 (15.3)

42 (8.5)

 Grade III

34 (2.9)

23 (3.6)

11 (2.2)

 Grade IV

7 (0.6)

5 (0.8)

2 (0.4)

Aortic valve insufficiency, n (%)

437 (38.3)

260 (40.2)

177 (35.8)

0.233

 Mild

340 (29.8)

209 (32.4)

131 (26.5)

 

 Moderate

81 (7.1)

42 (6.5)

39 (7.9)

 Severe

16 (1.4)

9 (1.4)

7 (1.4)

Aortic valve stenosis, n (%)

87 (7.6)

  

0.118

 Mild

52 (4.6)

25 (3.9)

27 (5.5)

 

 Moderate

9 (0.8)

5 (0.8)

4 (0.8)

 Severe

26 (2.3)

20 (3.1)

6 (1.2)

Mitral valve insufficiency, n (%)

541 (47.5)

322 (49.8)

219 (44.3)

0.135

 Mild

263 (23.1)

150 (23.2)

113 (22.9)

 

 Moderate

254 (22.3)

154 (23.8)

100 (20.2)

 Severe

24 (2.1)

18 (2.8)

6 (1.2)

Mitral valve stenosis, n (%)

39 (3.4)

13 (2.0)

26 (5.3)

0.003

 Mild

18 (1.6)

9 (1.4)

9 (1.8)

 

 Moderate

8 (0.7)

1 (0.2)

7 (1.4)

 Severe

13 (1.1)

3 (0.5)

10 (2.0)

Tricuspid valve insufficiency, n (%)

264 (23.2)

153 (23.7)

111 (22.5)

0.880

Systolic pulmonary artery pressure, mmHg

20 (15–30)

22 (15–30)

18 (20–30)

0.776

Valvular vegetation, n (%)

2 (0.2)

1 (0.2)

1 (0.2)

0.677

Left ventricular thrombus, n (%)

5 (0.4)

5 (0.8)

0 (0)

0.074

Permeant pacemaker lead, n (%)

6 (0.5)

5 (0.8)

1 (0.2)

0.244

Pericardial effusion, n (%)

125 (10.9)

70 (10.8)

55 (11.1)

0.326

 Mild

114 (10.0)

65 (10.1)

49 (9.9)

 

 Moderate

8 (0.7)

4 (0.6)

4 (0.8)

 Severe

3 (0.3)

1 (0.2)

2 (0.4)

  1. Bold indicates p value < 0.05 was considered significant
  2. Data are presented as numbers and percentages (%), or median (interquartile range). p-value was calculated using the Mann–Whitney U-test for continuous variables and the Chi-Square test or the Fisher's exact test for categorical variables as appropriate. p value < 0.05 was considered significant