From: Second-hand smoking, hypertension and cardiovascular risk: findings from Peru
Cardiovascular risk | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Framingham risk score | WHO cardiovascular risk score | |||
Mean (95% CI) | p-value | Mean (95% CI) | p-value | |
Sex | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
Female | 2.9% (2.5–3.3%) | 1.3% (1.2–1.5%) | ||
Male | 7.5% (6.5–8.5%) | 2.0% (1.8–2.2%) | ||
Age | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
< 30 years | 0.9% (0.6–1.0%) | 0.5% (0.4–0.6%) | ||
30–39 years | 2.9% (2.4–3.5%) | 1.0% (0.8–1.1%) | ||
40–49 years | 5.3% (4.6–6.0%) | 1.7% (1.5–1.9%) | ||
50–59 years | 12.3% (10.5–14.1%) | 3.7% (3.2–4.1%) | ||
Education level | 0.80 | 0.33 | ||
< 7 years | 5.2% (4.3–6.0%) | 1.8% (1.5–2.0%) | ||
7–11 years | 5.1% (4.2–5.9%) | 1.6% (1.4–1.8%) | ||
12 + years | 4.8% (3.9–5.6%) | 1.6% (1.3–1.8%) | ||
Socioeconomic position | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
Low | 3.6% (3.0–4.2%) | 1.3% (1.1–1.5%) | ||
Middle | 4.8% (3.9–5.8%) | 1.6% (1.3–1.8%) | ||
High | 6.0% (5.0–7.1%) | 1.9% (1.6–2.1%) | ||
Current smoking | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
No current smoking | 4.2% (3.8–4.7%) | 1.4% (1.3–1.5%) | ||
Current smoking | 8.9% (6.1–11.7%) | 2.8% (2.1–3.5%) | ||
Daily smoking | 10.8% (5.9–15.7%) | 3.6% (2.3–4.8%) | ||
Alcohol drinking | 0.13 | 0.09 | ||
No in the last 12 months | 4.4% (3.5–5.3%) | 1.5% (1.2–1.7%) | ||
Last 12 months, but not last 30 days | 4.4% (3.5–5.4%) | 1.4% (1.2–1.6%) | ||
During last 30 days | 5.4% (4.6–6.3%) | 1.7% (1.5–1.9%) | ||
Physical activity | 0.98 | 0.96 | ||
Moderate/high levels | 4.9% (4.3–5.6%) | 1.6% (1.4–1.8%) | ||
Low levels | 5.0% (4.0–6.0%) | 1.6% (1.3–1.9%) |