Educational attainment in patients with congenital heart disease: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 4 Educational attainment for adult (> 18 years) CHD patients compared to educational attainment in all adults (25–64-year) from the same country as the CHD patients using data from ‘Education at a Glance’

References	Country	CHD patients			Whole country
References	Country	University degree %, [95% CI]	Secondary education %, [95% CI]	Vocational training %, [95% CI]	University degree (%)	Secondary education (%)	Vocational education (%)
Ternestedt [42]	Sweden	27 [12–48]	81 [61–93]		32	81
Nieminen [28]	Finland	10 [9–11]	78 [77–80]		34	76
Moons [43]	Belgium	42 [38–46]	98 [96–99]	35 [31–39]	33	70	2
Kovacs [41]	Canada/US	61 [55–67]			41	89
Riley [16]	United Kingdom	58 [47–67]			38	75
Ozcan [23]	Turkey	13 [8–20]			14	32
Bygstad [29]	Denmark	31 [21–41]	68 [58–78]	27 [19–37]	34	77
Pike [47]	US	61 [47–74]			42	89
Bang [467]	South Korea	85 [75–92]	95 [88–99]		41	82
Opic [39]	Netherland	27 [22–33]	74 [68–79]		36	77	0
Karsenty [34]	France		38 [30–47]		34	78	0
Eren [44]	Turkey	19 [10–30]	54 [41–66]		46	91
O’Donovan [51]	New Zealand	26 [18–36]			42	78
Tumin [49]	US	51 [46–56]			47	91
Schiele [53]	US	36 [29–44]			48	91
Fedchenko [54]	Sweden	50 [38–62]	93 [85–98]	12 [6–22]	43.3	83.2	7.4
Pfitzer [32]	Germany		46 [42–49]		29.1	86.7	12.2
Enomoto [56]	Japan	58 [51–65]			52	100
Connor [62]	US	50 [46–44]	100 [99–100]		47.4	90.8	0.4
Gleason [52]	US	59 [50–68]	100 [97–100]	6 [4–8]	47.4	90.8

Education at a Glance population sample size not reported; data are presented in broad age groups and the 25–64 year old group was the one that matched best with the main age of participants across our studies

ISSN: 1471-2261