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Fig. 2 | BMC Cardiovascular Disorders

Fig. 2

From: Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on ischemic heart disease and cardiometabolic risk factors: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Fig. 2

Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis testing the effects of n-3 PUFAs on IHD and cardiometabolic risk factors. Results obtained using 4 MR methods (IVW: inverse-variance weighted, WM: weighted median, MR-Egger: Mendelian randomization-Egger, and MR-PRESSO: Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier) are presented as a heat map representing causal estimates (CE). CE of SBP and DBP exceeded that of the others a lot. In order to show the others CE better, CE of SBP and DBP were not included in the heat map. ALA α-linolenic acid, BMI body mass index, DHA docosahexaenoic acid, DPA docosapentaenoic acid, EPA eicosapentaenoic acid, HDL high-density lipoprotein, IHD ischemic heart disease, LDL low-density lipoprotein, MI myocardial infarction, T2D type 2 diabetes, TC total cholesterol, TG triglycerides, WHR waist-to-hip ratio. *Indicates p < 0.05 for a particular MR approach

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