Transition from metabolically healthy to unhealth status associated with risk of carotid artery plaque in Chinese adults

Table 3 Risk of incident carotid artery plaque by baseline body weight status and transition to metabolic abnormalities in 9836 Chinese adults

Models	Metabolically healthy normal weight		Metabolically healthy overweight
Models	(n = 7512, BMI < 24.0 kg/m²)		(n = 2324, BMI ≥ 24.0 kg/m²)
	Stable	Transition to HBP	Stable	Transition to HBP
Number of participants	5112	2400	1147	1177
CAP case	35	50	14	34
Model 1	Ref (1.0)	1.64 (1.05, 2.55)	1.24 (0.66, 2.31)	2.35 (1.45, 3.83)
Model 2	Ref (1.0)	1.62 (1.04, 2.53)	1.22 (0.62, 2.29)	2.36 (1.45, 3.85)
Model 3	Ref (1.0)	1.69 (1.06, 2.68)	1.18 (0.62, 2.23)	2.29 (1.35, 3.87)

	Stable	Transition to IGR	Stable	Transition to IGR
Number of participants	6118	1394	1730	594
CAP case	56	29	24	24
Model 1	Ref (1.0)	1.22 (0.78, 1.93)	1.18 (0.73, 1.91)	2.17 (1.34, 3.53)
Model 2	Ref (1.0)	1.2 (0.76, 1.91)	1.19 (0.73, 1.93)	2.15 (1.33, 3.51)
Model 3	Ref (1.0)	1.17 (0.73, 1.87)	1.11 (0.67, 1.81)	1.95 (1.15, 3.3)

	Stable	Transition to high TC	Stable	Transition to high TC
Number of participants	6676	836	2058	266
CAP case	61	24	36	12
Model 1	Ref (1.0)	2.26 (1.39, 3.65)	1.45 (0.95, 2.19)	2.7 (1.45, 5.03)
Model 2	Ref (1.0)	2.25 (1.38, 3.66)	1.45 (0.96, 2.2)	2.71 (1.46, 5.05)
Model 3	Ref (1.0)	2.04 (1.22, 3.43)	1.33 (0.87, 2.05)	2.34 (1.21, 4.53)

	Stable	Transition to high TG	Stable	Transition to high TG
Number of participants	6604	908	1729	595
CAP case	69	16	27	21
Model 1	Ref (1.0)	1.23 (0.71, 2.12)	1.14 (0.73, 1.79)	2.37 (1.44, 3.9)
Model 2	Ref (1.0)	1.23 (0.72, 2.13)	1.15 (0.74, 1.81)	2.37 (1.44, 3.92)
Model 3	Ref (1.0)	1.23 (0.69, 2.2)	1.08 (0.68, 1.71)	2.27 (1.30, 3.95)

	Stable	Transition to high LDL-C	Stable	Transition to high LDL-C
Number of participants	6248	1264	1774	550
CAP case	51	34	31	17
Model 1	Ref (1.0)	2.26 (1.46, 3.5)	1.59 (1.01, 2.49)	2.39 (1.38, 4.16)
Model 2	Ref (1.0)	2.27 (1.47, 3.51)	1.6 (1.02, 2.51)	2.4 (1.38, 4.17)
Model 3	Ref (1.0)	1.95 (1.20, 3.17)	1.52 (0.95, 2.42)	2.03 (1.11, 3.73)

	Stable	Transition to low HDL-C	Stable	Transition to low HDL-C
Number of participants	7403	109	2252	72
CAP case	83	2	45	3
Model 1	Ref (1.0)	1.68 (0.41, 6.83)	1.37 (0.95, 1.98)	4.55 (1.43, 14.53)
Model 2	Ref (1.0)	1.65 (0.41, 6.71)	1.37 (0.95, 1.99)	4.51 (1.41, 14.4)
Model 3	Ref (1.0)	1.61 (0.39, 6.69)	1.27 (0.86, 1.87)	4.62 (1.4, 15.22)

If the number "1" is not included in the confidence interval, it means significant
Model 1: adjusting for age and sex. Model 2: adjusting for variables in model 1 and estimated glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73 m²), and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (mg/L). Model 3: adjusting for variables in model 2 and systolic blood pressure (mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), FBG (mmol/L), HbA1c (%), TC (mmol/L), TG (mmol/L), LDL-C (mmol/L), HDL-C (mmol/L)
HBP, high blood pressure; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c; IGR, impaired glucose regulation; TC, total cholesterol; TG, total triglycerides; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
Definition: Metabolically healthy was defined as participants without history of high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, and cancer but with normal blood pressure, FBG, HbA1c, TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C. Criteria for metabolic abnormality: HBP (systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 80 mmHg); IGR (FBG ≥ 5.6 mmol/L or HbA1c ≥ 5.7%); high TC, ≥ 5.72 mmol/L; high TG, ≥ 1.7 mmol/L; high LDL-C, ≥ 3.4 mmol/L; low HDL-C, < 0.9 mmol/L in men and < 1.0 mmol/L in women

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